基于PLC十字路口交通灯的控制系统的设计

中国石油大学胜利学院毕业设计I摘要针对近年来城市交通的拥挤现象,特别是驾驶员违章严重、交通事故频发、车辆尾气污染等问题,介绍了集计算机、信息、电子及通讯等众多高新技术手段于一体的智能交通指挥中心控制系统。在系统的设计中，主要使用了PLC和传感器相结合的方法,自动获取车辆数据，根据相应流量状况自动增加或减少绿灯时长，进行智能控制。该系统的安装可以大大缓解了城市道路堵塞现象、提高了道路的通行能力。减少了驾驶员违章的次数，抑制了交通事故的发生，同时对减轻车辆尾气排放，从而降低环境污染都起到了不可低估的作用。分析了现代城市交通控制与管理问题的现状，结合城乡交通的实际情况阐述了交通灯控制系统的工作原理，给出了一种简单实用的城市交通灯控制系统的硬件电路设计方案。本文主要通过西门子PLC控制交通红绿灯。关键词：西门子S7-200；交通灯；PLC；梯形图中国石油大学胜利学院毕业设计IIABSTRACTInrecentyearstheurbantraffic,especiallythedrivercrowdingillegalseriousincidents,vehicles,trafficproblemssuchasexhaustpollution,thispaperintroducessetcomputer,information,electronicandcommunicationetcmanyhigh-techmeansintheintegrationofintelligenttransportationcommandcentercontrolsystem.Inthedesignofthesystem,themainuseofPLCandsensorcombinationofmethods,theautomaticacquisitionvehicledata,accordingtothecorrespondingtrafficautomaticallyincreaseordecreasethegreendurationofintelligentcontrol.Thissysteminstallationcangreatlyalleviatetheurbanroadcongestionphenomena,improvetheroadtransportationcapacity.Reducedthenumberofdriversviolation,curbingthetrafficaccidents,andtoreducevehicleexhaustemission,reducingenvironmentalpollutionhaveplayedacannotunderestimaterole.Analyzesmodernurbantrafficcontrolandmanagementproblems,basedonthestatusoftheactualsituationofurbantrafficcontrolsystemisdescribedtheworkingprincipleoflights,andputsforwardasimpleandpracticalurbantrafficcontrolsystemhardwarecircuitdesign.Inthispaper,SiemensProgrammableLogicControllercontroltrafficthroughthetrafficlights.Keywords:siemensS7-200;trafficlights;plc;ladder-diagram中国石油大学胜利学院毕业设计I目录前言..............................................................................................................................1第1章绪论..................................................................................................................21.1引言.....................................................................................................................21.2课题背景.............................................................................................................21.3设计目的和意义.................................................................................................3第2章控制系统分析..................................................................................................52.1控制要求.............................................................................................................52.2系统设计方案分析.............................................................................................7第3章硬件设计........................................................................................................103.1PLC简介...........................................................................................................103.1.1PLC概述....................................................................................................103.1.2PLC的硬件组成........................................................................................103.1.3PLC工作原理............................................................................................113.2PLC选型...........................................................................................................123.3I/O口分配.........................................................................................................133.4PLC外部接线设计...........................................................................................14第4章软件设计........................................................................................................154.1软件设计概述...................................................................................................154.2检测程序...........................................................................................................174.3运行模式选择程序...........................................................................................184.4各方案主程序...................................................................................................194.4.1运行控制程序............................................................................................194.4.2定时器控制程序..........................................................错误!未定义书签。4.4.3各个方案之间的互锁程序........................................................................214.4.4循环程序....................................................................................................224.4.5绿灯闪烁程序............................................................................................23第5章设计总结......................................................................................................24致谢..........................................................................................................................25参考文献......................................................................................................................26附录I元件清单与CPU的I/O规范.........................................................................27中国石油大学胜利学院毕业设计1前言随着社会经济的发展，城市交通问题越来越引起人们的关注。人、车、路三者关系的协调，已成为交通管理部门需要解决的重要问题之一。城市交通控制系统是用于城市交通数据监测、交通信号灯控制与交通疏导的计算机综合管理系统，它是现代城市交通监控指挥系