it、one、that的用法与区别

it/one/that的用法和区别I.it／one／that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。一般说来,it指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物。Ihavelostmyumbrella;I'mlookingforit.（该句中it就是指前面的myumbrella）Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuyone.（one在该句中表泛指,因为myumbrella已经丢了）TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.（替代词that在该句中特指“theumbrellaIbought”,以区别“theumbrellayoubought”）II.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a／an＋名词;that为特指,相当于the＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为a／an／some／any;that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the／this／that。Achairmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.（该句中one可以换成achair）Thewaterinthecupishotterthanthatinthepot.（该句中that可以换成thewater）III.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones;that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用those。Ilikethispenmorethanthatone.（one代替可数名词单数pen）Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolderonesinthehouse.（ones代替可数名词复数people）Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthanthatofPeter.（that代替不可数名词handwriting）Thesepicturesaremorebeautifulthanthose.（those代替可数名词复数pictures）IV.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用theone或theones代替that或those。Theone／Thatonthetableismine.（该句中Theone代替事物,并且也可以用That）Heistheteacher,theonewhoislovedbythestudents.（该句中theone代替人,不能用that）Headvisedthefarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theones／thosethathadthebestcolor.（该句中theones代替事物,并且也可以用those）V.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而that不能有前置修饰语,但可有后置修饰语。Cookwasastrictbutgoodcaptain,onewhotookgoodcareofhissailors.Thewaterinthewelliscleanerthanthatintheriver.VI.it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等,充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Ifoundithardtogetonwithher.VII.it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容,而one／ones则不可以。Hehassavedmylife;I'llneverforgetit.（it代替第一分句）Tomispaintinghishouse.Iamtoldhedoesiteveryfouryears.（it代替前面分句的部分内容paintinghishouse）Let'ssaywemeethereatthreeo'clock.Thatoughttogiveyoutimetobuyeverything.（That代替前面表述的内容）［相关练习］1.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers2.Ifind_____easyenoughtogetonwithPam.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it3.IfIcanstophercomingtoyou,Ishalldo_____.A.thoseB.whichC.theseD.it4.Ihaven'tapen.Canyoulendme_____?A.theseB.thoseC.themD.one5._____isnecessarythatIgetthetextofmyrevisiontyped.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Itook_____forgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them7.Fewpleasurescanequal_____ofacooldrinkonahotday.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those8.Ofallmyoldfriends,theonly_____IsawmuchofwasBetty.A.itB.thatC.oneD.thisKey:1—8ADDDDACC