高中英语选修7-unit1语法-动词不定式

Unit1LivingwellLearningaboutLanguage1Fillinthetablebelow.Youcanusethedictionarytohelpyou.NounAdjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoynanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoyingNounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologicalencouragementRevisetheInfinitiveUnit1Grammar1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)1不定式作主语(subject)Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionarywhenyoustudyEnglish.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。•Myjobtoprotecttheworld.•Myambitionisto_____________.is2不定式作表语(predicative)Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.×√√×不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。•YaoMinglikestoplaybasketball.•Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to_________ifhewantstowin.3不定式作宾语(object)句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish。你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?我来问他怎么样开这机器。I’llaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.1)不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。2)有时不定式由whether引起。Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，补语是形容词(间或是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.4不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosthlistentohearwatch五看seelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听一感觉:feel+sbdosth（不带to）1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.5不定式作定语(attribute)1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.1.不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。(1)动宾关系(2)主谓关系(3)同位关系2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）5.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.on4.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.Igotupearlyto_____________.Youcamehereto________.inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too...tocatchthetrain6不定式作状语(adverbial)在一些短语中也有体现eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.1.表示目的:toinordertosoasto不定式作状语2.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todoHewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.3.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.•tobefrank•tobehonest•totellthetruth7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)8.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误。Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.动词不定式的时态和语态形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。不定式的语态主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.Weaskedhimtostaytillthenextday,butherefusedto.Areyouateacher?Yes,a