高中英语人教新课标必修五unit5-单词讲解

Unit5FirstAidPart1Wordsandexpressionsaid:n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助[典例]1)Theyaidedfloodvictims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。2)Theyaidedinsolvingtheproblem.他们帮忙解决这个问题。3)Adictionaryisanimportantaidformanylanguagelearners.字典对于许多语言学习者来说是个很重要的工具。[重点用法]do/give/offerfirstaid进行急救aidsb.in(doing)sth.在…方面帮助某人inaidof为了援助…;作为援助…之用withtheaidof借助于,通过...的帮助callinsb’said请某人援助[练习]汉译英1)老师借助电脑上课.Teachersoftengivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputer.2)他募资为了帮助穷人.Heraisedmoneyinaidofthepoor.3)她的亲戚帮助她继续她的学业.Herrelativesaidedherinstudy/tocontinueherstudy.tissuen.[U](生理)组织;[C]纸巾,手巾纸[典例]themusculartissue肌肉组织aboxoftissues一盒纸巾Herwholestorywasatissueoflies.她的整个故事是一套谎言。squeezevt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨[典例]squeezejuicefromanorange榨桔子汁squeezeoneselfintoacrowdedbus挤入拥挤的公共汽车squeezethroughthecrowd挤过人群[练习]汉译英1)失散多时的母女挤过人群紧紧抱在一起。Theseparatedmotheranddaughtersqueezedthroughthecrowdandhuggedtogether.2)小偷挤入拥挤的公共汽车寻找作案机会。Thethiefsqueezedhimselfintoabustoseekthechanceofstealing.injury(c./u.)n(身体;感情;名誉)injure(v.)injurious(to)(adj)beaninjuryto伤害...,危害...,对...有害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人tosufferinjuriestothehead头部受伤aleginjury一处腿伤addinsulttoinjury落井下石aninjurytoone’sreputation损毁…的名誉sprainn.扭伤vt.扭伤,损伤Isprainedmyankle/wristwhenIfell.我跌倒时扭伤了踝骨/手腕。Hegotafootspraininhisankle.他脚踝受了严重的扭伤。chokevi.&vt.vt.呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭vi.窒息；阻塞；说不出话来chokesb.todeath使…窒息死亡，掐死…chokeonafish鱼刺卡在喉咙里chokewithanger气得说不出话来choke(hold)backone’stears忍住泪水chokeone’sfeelings抑制感情Thesmokealmostchokedme.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来Thestreetsinthecentreofthecitywerechokedupwithtraffic.市中心的街道被车辆堵塞了.essentialadj.basic,necessaryessentialsn.(pl.)必需品;要素,要点Foodisessentialtolife.食物是维持生命不可或缺的Personalspaceisessentialforhealthyliving.(拥有）个人空间是健康生活所必需的。theessentialsofgrammar语法要点organn.器官Theeyesaretheorgansofsight.眼睛是视觉器官.Theliverisanorganandsoistheheart.肝脏是一个器官,心脏也是。stateorgans国家机构organicadj.器官的,有机的,组织的organicvegetables有机肥料灌溉的蔬菜layer:adepthorlevel深度或层次apoemwithseverallayersofmeaning.有多层含义的诗歌alayerofdustonthewindowsill窗台上的一层灰尘acakewithfourlayers四层蛋糕healvt.,vi.治愈（伤口）；使复原healsb.OfsthHewashealedofhissickness.他病已痊愈。Timehealsallsorrows.时间会治愈一切忧伤。treat“治疗”，着重强调过程，不涉及结果，不一定治愈。heal多用于治疗外伤。cure“治愈”，强调结果。swellvi.&vt.(swelled,swelled/swollen)HerleghasswollenbadlyThewindswelledthesails.风鼓起了帆。Theheavyrainswelledtheriver大雨使河水上涨了。swollen可作形容词，表示“肿胀的”Hereyeswereredandswollenwithweeping.Haveaswelled/swollenhead(指因突然成功)冲昏头脑nerven.神经,勇气；魄力；胆量amanofnerve勇敢的人,有勇气的人(pl)神经质；神经过敏Shegetsnervesbeforeeveryexamination.每次考试前她都很紧张。Getonsb’snerves刺激或烦扰某人jewelry和jewel的辨析：两者均有“珍宝首饰”之意，jewelry为集体名词，不可数；jewel为可数名词squeezeout榨出，挤出他们被年轻人挤出了就业市场。Theyhavebeensqueezedoutofthejobmarketbyyoungpeople.squeezemoneyfromsb向某人勒索钱财squeezemoneyoutofsb那个年轻人经常向那个小学生勒索钱财。Theyoungmanoftensqueezesmoneyfrom/outofthepupil.Inplace在适当的位置，适当outofplace不在适当的位置，不适当inplaceof代替taketheplaceof代替present1)vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现2)n.赠品,礼物,现在3)adj.现在的,出席的,当面的[典例]1)AseriesoffamousplayswillbepresentduringtheSpringFestival.春节期间将上演一系列好戏。2)Thirtyguestswerepresentattheceremony.有三十位客人出席这次典礼。3)Theguestspresentwereverysatisfiedwiththeatmosphereoftheparty.到场的宾客都对晚会的气氛表示满意。4)Presentswillbesentforcustomersalongwiththeelectricalappliance.买家电付送礼物。[重点用法]presentsth.tosb.把……送给…presentsb.withsth.为某人颁发…atpresent/atthepresenttime现在,此刻forthepresent目前,暂时representvt.表现,描绘,声称,象征,扮演,再赠送,再上演representationn.表示法,表现,陈述,扮演representativen.代表adj.典型的,有代表性的[练习]汉译英1)当航空员返回地面时，少先队员们为他们送上了鲜花。TheYoungPioneerspresentedtheirflowerstoastronautswhentheyreturnedtotheEarth2)因为他出色的表现，他获得了一个金茶壶。Hewaspresentedwithagoldteapotforhisoutstandingperformance.3)资金暂时是足够的.Thefundisenoughforthepresent.stabv..刺；刺伤；戳；刺穿；直入Hestabbedthewomanwithaknifeandshedied.他用小刀把这位妇女刺死了astab(stabsb.)intheback暗箭伤人,背后中伤bruise擦伤；打伤；使成瘀伤Shebruisedherknee.她的膝盖擦伤了。擦伤（水果、植物等）；碰损Softfruitbruiseseasily.细嫩的水果容易碰损authenticadj.真实的；真正的；可信的[典例]authenticnews可靠的消息anauthenticsignature真实手迹签字authenticdocument真实的文件[练习]汉译英1)为解救其他人的性命，他得寻找一个可靠的人将消息带出去。Tosaveothers’lives,hehadtolookforanauthenticpersontosendoutthemessage.2）使用信用卡时，人们需要亲笔签名。Peopleshouldsigndowntheirauthenticsignaturewhenusingcreditcard.