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集合名词第一类形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较并体会:Hisfamilyislarge.他的家是个大家庭。Hisfamilyareallwaitingforhim.他的一家人都在等他。Thisclassconsistsof45pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。ThisclassarereadingEnglishnow.这个班的学生在读英语。第二类形式为单数,但意义永远为复数包括cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(连用)。如:Peoplewilllaughatyou.人们会笑你的。Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察在找他。Manycattlewerekilledforthis.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词head(单复数同形)。如:fiveheadofcattle5头牛,fifty(headof)cattle50头牛第三类形式为复数,意义也为复数包括goods(货物),clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Clothesdryslowlyintherainyseason.衣服在雨季不易干。Suchclothesareveryexpensive.那样的衣服很贵。Ifgoodsarenotwellmadeyoushouldcomplaintothemanufacturer.如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。第四类形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词包括baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家具),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等,其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Ourclothingprotectsusfrom[against]thecold.我们的衣服可以御寒。Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?你所有的行李都托运了吗?Thethiefstoleallherjewelry.小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。Thehospitalhasnodecentequipment.这家医院没有像样的设备。TheTangDynastyisthoughtofasthehighsummerofChinesepoetry.人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。注:machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等。如:apoem/apieceofpoetry一首诗manymachines/muchmachinery/manypiecesofmachinery许多机器第五类补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外,以下几个集合名词也应重点注意:1.hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:Myhairhasgrownverylong.我的头发已长得很长了。Thepolicefoundtwohairsthere.警察在那儿找到了两根头发。2.mankind(人类)人是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:Thisisaninventionthatbenefitsmankind.这是一项造福人类的发明。Mankindhasitsownproblems.人类有自己的问题。注:mankind表示“mankind人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankindareintelligentanimals.人是理智的动物。3.fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:Hedoesn’teatmuchfruit.他不大吃水果。Heisgrowingfruitinthecountry.他在乡下种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果。比较:Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚。Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。主谓一致问题一、一般某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民),union,university等。1.Thestaffis/arehardworking.2.Theaudienceweremovedtotears.3.Thelecturerdrawslargeaudiences.4.Thewholeschoolwaspunished.5.Theclassconsistsof40students.6.Thisclassarediligent.7.Thewholeprofessionfighttoothandnailagainstit.8.OnetenthofthepopulationofEgyptis/areChristian.二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工),herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵),people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。9.Therearethreepeoplewavingatus.10.Thepolicehaven'tarrivedyet.11.Thereareverminhere.12.Somepeopleareneversatisfied.13.Thepolice/militaryhavesurroundedthebuilding.【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如:Thereare56peoplesinChina.三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。14.Theyouthtodayis/arebetteroffthanweusedtobe.15.Heroffspringis/arelikeherineveryrespect.16.TheintelligentsiaarehailingRansonastheirspokesman.【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:Youthisthetimeforaction;ageisthetimeforrepose.Someyouthsdon'tlikejazz.四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Kremlin,Liverpool,Macmillan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),WhiteHouse等。17.Arsenalis/areplayingwellinthisseason.18.Macmillanhave/hasmadeagoodprofitthisyear.19.TheSeventy-FirstCongresswaspredominantlyRepublican.20.TheNetherlandshas/haveamonarchy.21.TheBBCisshowingtheprogramonSaturday.22.Liverpoolisleading1—0.23.Liverpoolareattackingagain.五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage,clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。24.Allthefurnitureinmyroomisnew.25.Themerchandizehasarrivedundamaged.26.Thereisnotmuchvegetationindeserts.27.Theequipmentforthefactoryhasbeenshipped.28.Warmclothingisnecessaryincoldclimates.29.Themachineryisdrivenbyelectrici-ty.
本文标题:最详细的集合名词
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