m5-u1 grammar

不定式Toseeistobelieve.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.Heliftedastone,onlytodropitonhisownfeet.不定式复合结构:以it为形式主语引导的复合结构，Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.如前面的形容词指行为的性质就用：forsb.todosth.此类形容词有necessary,important,easy,difficult…Itisnecessaryforustogothere.作主语如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.Itwasfoolishofhimtobelieveher.Ithinkitwiseofhernottoaccepttheiroffer.不定式作宾语1.作动词宾语decide/determine/want/excepthope/wishrefuse/manage/pretend…forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.trytodosth.trydoingsth.meantodosth.meandoingsth.goontodosth.gododoingsth.can’thelptodosth.can’thelpdoingsth.love/liketodosth.love/likedoingsth.少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语,但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do,does,did时，通常省略to。Wehavenochoicebut_________.Wecandonothingbut_____.(wait)towaitwait不定式作宾补(常用谓语动词有:get,ask,force,order,tell,invite,allow,wish,want,like,expect,advise,beg等。)Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有:make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;help,observe等,但是句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to.Thebossmadeherworklonghours.主语谓语宾语宾补She主语wasmade谓语towork主补longhours(byherboss).2005全国卷(I)No.18Whilewatchingtelevision,______.A.ThedoorbellrangB.ThedoorbellringsC.WeheardthedoorbellringD.Weheardthedoorbellrings2005福建卷No.23IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himorherleaveamessage.A.haveB.getC.askD.tell作定语1.不定式作定语常表将来TheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldin2014aresuretobesuccessful.2.做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：Shehadonlyasmallroomtolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.3.试比较：Doyouhaveanythingtowash?你有什么要洗吗？（不定式towash的动作执行者是you）Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?你有什么要（别人）洗吗？（不定式towash的动作执行者是别人，而不是you）作表语Hiswishistobecomealawyer.(不定式tobecomealawyer在连系动词is后做表语)作状语表示目的。例如：Theyworkedharddayandnighttopaybackthedebt.表示结果。例如：Ihurriedtotheairportonlytofindtheplanehadtakenoff.表示原因。例如：Shefeltdisappointedtohearthenewsthatshehadn’tbeenpromoted.Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.Youcan’tbetoocarefultocrosstheroad.not/nevertoo…to…再…也不为过不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式①不定式的进行式：tobe+V-ing,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.②不定式完成式：tohave+V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。2005年江苏卷No.25---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_______thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleftThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.It’simpossibleforourdreamstoberealized.不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobedone和完成式被动tohavebeendone不定式的省略1.to后动词承接上文省略Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.---Wouldyouliketogotothemoviewithme?---I’dloveto.注意:如果to后的动词是be,have则不能省.----Isheateacher?----No,butheusedtobe.----Ididn’ttellhimthenews.----oh,yououghttohave.2.不定式符号to的省略(bareinfinitives)(1)在feel,hear,listento等感官动词后，或在let,make,have等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例如：•Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.•Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.•Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.•Iwasmadetopromisetowriteeveryday.Bareinfinitive(2)wouldrather,hadbetter和whynot后面，不定式不带to。例如：Iwouldratherstayathome.Whynotcomein?wouldratherdosth.Whynotdosth.?hadbetterdosth.(3)当两个动词不定式由and,or,ratherthan相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略to。例如：•Doyouwanttogoskatingorseeafilm?•Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.Shetoldme_______(be)cheerfuland______(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing______(do)but_____(watch)TV.tobelooktodowatch(4)不定式在介词but,except后时，若介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to。例如：Wehavenochoicebut_________.(wait)Hedidnothingbut__________tothedistance.(point)towaitpoint动名词作主语有以下习惯表答法：Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It’snogoodgivingchildrenalotofmoney.It’sawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,advise,giveup,keepon…)2006年江苏卷N0.32---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine___thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen2005年上海卷No.32Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk_____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost2006年北京卷No.35.Ican’tstand_____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostopB.作介词的宾语2005年浙江卷No.3Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing习惯于做；lookforwardtodoing盼望做；devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做；spendtime(in)doing花时间做；befondofdoing喜爱做；begoodatdoing擅长做；beproudofdoing为做…而自豪；betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦；feellikedoing欲想做；goondoing继续做（原来的事）；keepondoing不停地做；whataboutdoing做…怎么样；thinkofdoing考虑做；beinterestedindoing对做…感兴趣；havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难；bebusy(in)doing忙于做；insteadofdoing做…而不做…2005年江苏卷No.23EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup2．动名词的逻辑主语Doyoumindmy