英语修辞手法大全

FiguresofSpeechFiguresOfSpeechInEnglishStylisticsSimileAfigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikentoanother,insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisanexplicitcomparisonrecognizablebytheuseofthewordlikeoras.(ADictionaryofLiteraryTerms)Similew1.Origin:Latin,meaninglikew2.Comparativewords:like,asw3.Functions:describingshape,scenery;expressingemotions;explaining;vividdescription,makingeasytounderstand;creatinginterest.StructureofaSimilewTenor+comparativeword+vehiclewSubject+comparativeword+referencewExample:MyloveislikearedredrosewTomisastallashisbrother(notasimile)wTomisastallasaMaypole.(simile)TypeOne:likewLivingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.wMarriageislikeabeleagueredfortress:thosewhoarewithoutwanttogetin,andthosewithinwanttogetout.wTypeTwo:aswAsfirmasarockwAsmuteasafishwAsstrongasahorsewAsbraveasalionwAsobstinateasacowwAswhiteassnowwAsblackasink/pitchwAschangeableastheweatherwAswetasadrownedratwAsblindasabatwAsfatasapigwAsproudasapeacockwAsfreshasaroseTypeThree:whatTwoPatterns:AistoBwhatCistoD.WhatCistoD,AistoB.TypeThree:whatReadingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Thepenistoawriterwhatthegunistoafighter.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。.TypeThree:whatWhatsculptureistoablockofmarble,educationistothesoul.教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。Whatsaltistofood,witandhumoraretoconversationandliteratureTypeFour:thanwAhomewithoutloveisnomorethanabodywithoutasoul.wHehadnomoreideaofmoneythanacowTypeFive:andwLoveandcoughcannotbehid.爱情像咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的。wTruthandroseshavethornsaboutthem.wKingsandbearsoftenworrytheirkeepers.wAwordandstoneletgocannotberecalled.说出去的话就像抛出去的石子，是收不回的。TypeSix:othersWhoistoblamebuthertyrantofafather.怪谁呢？只怪她那暴君般的父亲。Adoctormusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady.当一个医生必须有狮子般的胆量和仕女般的巧手。SimileO,mylove’slikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune:O,mylove’slikethemelodyThat’ssweetlyplayedintune.－RobertBurnsSimile啊，我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰；六月里迎风初开；啊，我的爱人像一曲甜蜜的歌；唱得合拍又柔和。Thefirstlineofthepoemabove,O,mylove’slikeared,redrose,isasimile.Tocommunicatehisfeelings,thepoetinvitesthereadertoperceiveinhissweetheartsomeofthepropertiesofarose.Propertiesthismightincludearebeauty,freshness,scentedness,specialnessandrarity.Greenfly,thornsorblight,alsocommonpropertiesofroses,arelikelytoseemappropriatepointsofcomparison,bearinginmindwhatweknowofthecontext.MetaphorAfigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyusedofonethingisappliedtoanother.(Webster’sNewWorldDictionary)MetaphorAfigureofspeechinwhichonethingisdescribedintermsofanother.Thebasicfigureinpoetry.Acomparisonisusuallyimplicit;whereasinsimileitisexplicit.(ADictionaryofLiteraryTerms)MetaphorMetaphorsareofteneasytoidentifyandtaketheformXisY.Somethingorsomeoneisbeingcomparedtosomethingorsomeoneelsethroughaconstructionusingtheappropriatepartoftheverbtobe(i.e.am,are,is,was,were,willbe).MetaphorwEducationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingoffire.w教育不是将桶装满水，而是将火点燃。wMoneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowned.w金钱像无底的海洋，将荣耀、良知和真理淹没。wMarriageisabookofwhichthefirstchapteriswritteninpoetryandremainingchaptersinprose.Alltheworld’sastage,Andallmenandwomenmerelyplayers;Theyhavetheirexitsandentrances,Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages…(Shakespeare,AsyouLikeit)Thefirstclausesetsupthebasiccomparison.Thetenorandvehicleinvokedbythefirstlineareelaboratedinthelinesthatfollow.Themetaphormakespossiblefortheliterarywritertoexplainthingsvividlyingreatdetail.MetaphorwTheboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.wSomebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.(OfStudies,Bacon)wShehasaphotographicmemoryfordetails.wThemountainouswavesswalloweduptheshipwApolicemanwavedmeoutofthesnakeoftraffic.Metonymy(借代）Afigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociated.(Webster’sNewInternationalDictionary)MetonymywDefinition:onethingforanother;associationwMetonymyisGreekforachangeofnameFunction:brief,vivid,interestingwExample:wWhatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave(fromthecradletothegrave从生到死）Athousandmustachescanlivetogetherbutnotfourbreasts.千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容。Thepenismightierthanthesword.Hekeepsagoodtable.(待客周到,以丰盛的饮食招待客人)Shehastheeyeforthefairandthebeautiful.Thewolfandthepigmingledtogetherinhisface.Chinawon4goldsand5silvers.WedroveaFordtoHydePark.MetonymywThisisthestrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.wItisapitythatthereismoreignorancethanknowledgeinthecountry.wShehasretiredfromthestagetoteach.Thegloriesofourbloodandstate,Areshadows,notsubstantialthings;Thereisnoarmouragainstfate;Deathlayshisicyhandonkings;SceptreandCrownMusttumbledownAndinthedustbeequalmadeWiththepoorcrookedScytheandSpade.(Shirley,TheGloriesofourBlood)Inthispoem,fourmetonymsareused:Sceptre,Crown,Scythe,andSpade.SceptreandCrownarethingsthatkingsandqueenscarryandweartorepresenttheirpowerandauthority,andarethereforemetonymsforkingsandqueens.ScytheandSpadearethingsusedbypeasantsorfarmworkers,andarethereforemetonymsforpeasants.WhatShirleyistryingtosayisthatdeathcomestoallpeople,thenobleandthehumblealike.Theideawouldhavebeenexpressedmuch