English-Rhetoric(2)

EnglishRhetoricPartIIChapterISyntacticDevicesSentencevariety1.Variedsentencelength2.DifferentsentencepatternSamuelJohnsonThejoyoflifeisvariety.LongandShortSentencesWhenwriting,itisnecessarytonotetheimportanceofvarietiesofsentences.Aparagraphinastudent'scomposition:ItookagreatdealofcouragewhenIregisteredforclassonJune11.ButIamalsopleasedthatIhavefinallydecidedtotakethestep.OnthatdayIpurchasedallthetextbooksthatIwouldneedforthisclass.IwantedtobesurethatIwouldhaveallthematerialIneeded.TheModifiedParagraphAlthoughittookagreatcourageofmetoregisterforclassonJune11,I'mpleasedtohavetakenthestep.OnthatdayIalsopurchasedallthetextbooksarrangedfortheclass,sothatIwouldhavethenecessarymaterial.ThedifferentfunctionsoflongandshortsentencesAseriesofshortsentencesoftengivestheeffectofspeedandisthereforeappropriatefordescribingatenseordramaticmomentinastory.ErnestHemingway:Soldier'sHomeHesatthereontheporchreadingabookonthewar.Itwasahistoryandhewasreadingaboutalltheengagementshehadbeenin.Itwasthemostinterestingreadinghehadeverdone.Hewishedthereweremoremaps.Helookedforwardwithagoodfeelingtoreadingallthereallygoodhistorieswhentheywouldcomeoutwithgooddetailmaps.Nowhewasreallylearningaboutthewar.Hehadbeenagoodsoldier.Thatmadeadifference.Longersentencesareoftenappropriatefordetaileddescriptionandformoreleisurelyexplanationsandarguments.Buttheyarealwaysachievedbyaddingnew,moreprecisedetailsorbypushingtheideastoastilldeeperandmorethoughtfullevel.TheCharteroftheUnitedNationsWethepeoplesoftheU.N.,determinedtosavesucceedinggenerationsfromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinourlifetimehasbroughtuntoldsufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamentalrights,inthedignityandworthofthehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablishconditionsunderwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersourcesofinternationallawcanbemaintained,andtopromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,andfortheseends,topractisetoleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbours,andtouniteourstrengthtomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,andtoensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,thatarmedforceshallnotbeused,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemployinternationalmachineryforthepromotionofeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeoples,haveresolvedtocombineoureffortstoaccomplishtheseaims.我联合国人民同兹决心欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸，重申基本人权，人格尊严与价值，以及男女与大小各国平等权利之信念，创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而起之义务，久而弗懈，促成大自由中社会进步及较善之民生，并为此目的力行容恕，彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处，集中力量，以维持国际和平及安全，接受原则，确立方法，以保证非为公共利益，不得使用武力。运用国际机构，以促成全球人民经济及社会之进展，用是发愤立志，务当同心协力，以竟厥功。Hemingway:BigTwo-HeartedRiverHesteppedintothestream.Itwasashock.Histrousersclungtighttohislegs.Hisshoesfeltthegravel.Thewaterwasarisingcoldshock.…Therewasatugontheline.Nickpulledagainstthetautline.Itwashisfirststrike.Holdingthenowlivingrodacrossthecurrent,hebroughtinthelinewithhislefthand.Therodbentinjerks,thetroutpumpingagainstthecurrent.Nickknewitwasasmallone.Heliftedtherodstraightupintheair.Itbowedwiththepull.Hismouthdry,hisheartdown,Nickreeledin.Hehadneverseensobigatrout.Therewasaheaviness,apowernottobeheld,andthenthebulkofhim,ashejumped.Helookedasbroadasasalmon.Nick'shandwasshaky.Hereeledinslowly.Thethrillhadbeentoomuch.Hefelt,vaguely,alittlesick,asthoughitwouldbebettertositdown.TaylorCaldwell:TestimonyofTwoMenPeoplethinkIamfoolishandignorant,butI'mnot.Ilisten.Ihear.Isee.Ithink.Iread.Iwalkalonebymyself.Hewrites,atmost750wordsaday.Hewritesandrewrites.Hepolishesandre-polishes.Heworksinsolitude.Heworkswithagony.Heworkswithsweat.Andthatistheonlywaytoworkatall.Idon'tminddyinganymore.Idon'tthinkdeath'sveryimportant,notsoimportantaslove.AndIwantyoutoliveandbehappy.Idon'tgrudgeyouanythinganymoreandIdon'tresentanything.I'mgladnowit'smethatmustdieandnotyou.Iwishforyoueverythingthat'sgoodintheworld.Iloveyou.TheCompoundSentenceYoudon'tknowaboutmewithoutyouhavereadabookbythenameofTheAdventuresofTomSawyer;butthatain'tnomatter.ThatbookwasmadebyMr.MarkTwain,andhetoldthetruth,mainly.Therewasthingswhichhestretched,butmainlyhetoldthetruth.(MarkTwain,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn)Rewriting:Youdon'tknowaboutmeunlessyouhavereadabookbythenameofTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Butthatain'tnomatter.ThatbookwasmadebyMr.MarkTwain,whomainlytoldthetruth.Thoughtherewasthingswhichhestretched,hemainlytoldthetruth.StephenLeacock:HowWeKeptMother'sDayThetwogirlsthoughtitwouldbeanicethingtodressinourverybestforsuchabigoccasion,andsotheybothgotnewhats.Mothertrimmedboththehats,andtheylookedfine,andFatherhadboughtfour-in-handsilktiesforhimselfandusboysasasouvenirofthedaytorememberMotherby.WeweregoingtogetMotheranewhattoo,butitturnedoutthatsheseemedtoreallylikeheroldgreybonnetbetterthananewone,andboththegirlssaiditwasawfullybecomingtoher.Oncetherewasasharkandtherewasanothersharkandtheyatefishesandtheygotsofatthattheyexploded.Theseagotsohotanditgotonfire,andallthefishdiedandsharksandplantsdiedandtheseawasnotthere.TheComplexSentenceThisisthehousethatJackbuilt.Thisisthemaltthatla