2020届上海高考英语专题讲解：十一选十学案(含答案)

1课程主题十一选十学习目标1.掌握十一选十的考试要求2.掌握十一选十的解题技巧教学内容知识精讲：十一选十解题技巧（1）判断词性的技巧语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础，所以需要根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项这时候需要运用一些简单的语法知识确定答案。①确定空格为名词i.a/an/the+n.,adj.+n.,vt.+n.,即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；ii.n.+v.,即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；iii.prep.+n.,即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。②确定空格为动词i.n./pron.vt.n./pron.,即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词；ii.n./pron.vi.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；iii.n./pron.vi.adv./prep.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后是副词/介词，空格处应填不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；iv.n./pron.linkv./be.adj.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；v.tov.,即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。③确定空格为形容词i.adj.+n.或n.+adj.,即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；ii.adv.+adj.,即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；iii.link/bev.+adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。④确定空格为副词2i.adv.+v.或v.+adv.,即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词；ii.adv.+adj.,即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。（2）利用逻辑关系词确定答案在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。常见的逻辑关系词如下：①并列关系：and,or,aswellas等。②对比关系：but,however,onthecontrary,ratherthan等。③比较关系：as…as,like,similar等。④因果关系：because,for,since,asaresultof,therefore,thus等。⑤举例关系：forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon等。⑥递进关系：and,what’smore,moreover,inaddition等。（3）比较填词将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢？这就需要进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪一个是最佳答案。这时候可以通过词义判断(即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此判断是不是最合适的选项)和逻辑判断(即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案)两种方法确定答案。案例解析：A.statusesB.relevantlyC.reservesD.highlightingE.populationF.estimatedG.downgradedH.drivingI.criticallyJ.enforcedK.reverseGoodnewsforgiantpandalovers:thecuteandcuddlycreaturehasjustbeenbroughtbackfromtheedgeofextinction.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)__31__thespeciesfrom“endangered”to“vulnerable”astheunionreleaseditsupdatedRedListonSept.4atHawaiiwiththeir__32__growingby17percentinthedecadeleadingupto2014.Chineseconservationefforts,includingforestprotectionandreforestation,areconsideredtobethe__33__forcebehindtheanimal’sre-prosperity.Thenumberofpanda__34__inChinahasalsojumpedto67,from13in1992.Nearlytwo-thirdsofallwildpandaslivethere.Restoringthepanda’shabitathasgiventhembacktheirspacewithfoodavailabletothem.3Apartfromgiantpandas,theTibetanAntelopehasalsomovedfrom“endangered”to“nearthreatened”.AccordingtoastatementfromIUCN,theanimal’snumbershaveshrunkseverely–droppingfromaround1milliontoa(n)__35__65,000–72,500inthe1980sandearly1990s–duetocommercialpoaching(偷猎).Rigorousprotectionhassincebeen__36__toprotectthebeastsandthepopulationisnowlikelytobebetween100,000and150,000.Despitetheimproved__37__,wildanimalslikethegiantpandaandtheTibetanAntelopestillfacegreatchallenges.TheIUCNwarned,forexample,thatongoingthreatsfromclimatechangecouldeliminatemorethan35percentofthepanda’sbamboohabitatinthenext80years,whichwould__38__thespeciesrecentgains.Goodprogresshasbeenmadebutthereisstillworktodo.TheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpeciesisdevotedto__39__speciesfromaroundtheworldandtheirstatusesinrelationtotheirriskofextinction.Thelistcurrentlyhaseightcategories,includingextinct,extinctinthewild,__40__endangered,endangered,vulnerable,nearthreatened,leastconcernanddatadeficient.Thesecategoriesarebasedoncriteriarelatingtopopulationtrends,sizeandstructure,andgeographicrange.答案：GEHCFJAKDI先分析所给词的词性、词义A.statusesn.状况，身份，情形，重要地位B.relevantlyadv.贴切地，得要领地C.reservesn.储量，保护区v保留，预定，推迟D.highlightingV-ing强调，重点标记E.populationn.人口F.estimatedv评估的过去式和过去分词adj.估计的，预计的G.downgradedv过去式及过去动词，使降低H.drivingving驱使，消除n.操纵，驾驶I.criticallyadv.批判地，危急地，严重地J.enforcedadj.强迫的v动词过去式及过去分词：实施，执行K.reversev使反转，使颠倒；adj.反面的，颠倒的n.倒转4文章主旨大意：分析熊猫及其他濒危动物处境改观的原因31.句中缺谓语动词，一定填谓语动词，且时间发生在过去，再根据endangeredtovulnerable应该是降低了危险级别选G32.their+n意义___增加了17%,应为数量选E33.本段分析状况变化的原因，the_____force应填adj修饰n驱动力选H34.thenumberofpanda_____inChina.熊猫____的数量，后文提到熊猫住在那里和panda’shabitat应选C35.本段讲藏羚羊的情况也有所改观an______65,000-72,500,填adj修饰数字，应为大概的，估计的，选F36.hasbeen____toprotect,此处明显应该填过去分词，实施了严格的保护措施。选J37.此段讲虽然情况有所好转，但情况依然严峻。theimproved_____,前文有提到数量的提升，所以选名词A38.句子缺谓语动词且在情态动词后用动词原形。选K39.bedevotedtoving意思为强调其重要性选D40._________endangered.应填adv修饰adj,八种动物保护等级中的一种，接近危险选I。当堂一测：【2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试试卷分析】ThePeterPrincipleisaconceptinmanagementdevelopedbyLaurenceJ.Peter,whichobservesthatpeopleinahierarchy（等级制度）tendtorisetotheir＂levelofincompetence（不胜任）”words,anemployeeispromotedbasedontheirsuccessin(31)_____________jobsuntiltheyreachalevelatwhichtheyarenolongercompetent,asskillsinonejobdonotnecessarily(32)_____________toanother.Theconceptwasexplainedinthe1969bookThePeterPrinciplebyLawrenceJ.PeterandRaymondHull.Thebookisold-fashionedinsomeways,yetthebooksmainideasremainas(33)_____________torunningandworkinginanorganizationtodayastheywerefortyyearsago.NoneofthiswouldhavesurprisedDrPeter,whodescribedhisideasas(34)_____________factsoforganizationallife.Incompetence,heargued,knowsno(35)_____________oftimeorplace.Dr.Peterobservedthatonereason5whysomanyemployeesareincompetentisthattheskillsrequiredtogetajoboftenhavenothingtodowithwhatisrequiredtodothejobitself.Manyorganizations,however,usesuchstandardstoselectnewleaders-yetdevotelittleornoattentiontotheir(36)_____________skills.Theyoftenendupwithterribleleadersandlosetheirbestindividualpe