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GrammarModalverbs情态动词(I)Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld·情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词不能单独做谓语,除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。2)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,但有些情态动词,如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3)情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志,不少情况下,情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。can1.表能力“能够”can’t“不能够”Eg.Shecanspeakfourforeignlanguages.2.表许可或请求Eg.Youcan’tparkyourcarinthestreet.Canyougivemeahand?3.表客观可能性Mancannotlivewithoutair.4.表怀疑、不肯定cannothavedonesth.不可能做了…Eg.Hecannothavebeentothetown.Canhehavegotthebook?5.canhavedone本来可以做而没做......Eg.Hecanhavecomeearlier.Could1.用于表示泛指过去的能力Eg.IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.2.表请求(较委婉)Eg.Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?3.表示推测couldhavedone本来能够做而没做……4.couldn’thavedone不可能做了……Eg.Shecouldn’thavedonesuchathing.Shecan/isabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)beableto可以用于各种时态3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/wereableto,不能用couldHewasabletoflee(逃离)Europebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired.may和might---MayIuseyourpencil?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.1.may和might用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustn’tShemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow.2.may和might表示“可能性”,may/might+v指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone.3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/mighthavedone,用might比用may的可能性更小Mayyousucceed!MayGodblessyou!4.may放在句首祈使句,表示祝愿。must和haveto1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto,做“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止,不允许”—MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?—Yes,youmust.No,youneedn't.Youmustn’tgetdownwhilethecarisstillmoving.Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.2.表示“必须”这个意思时,must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法,haveto强调客观需要。*时态方面Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.3.must表示对某人某事的猜测,用musthavedoneWill和wouldIfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.1.will和would表示意愿、意志,可用于各种人称Willyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback?Wouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowly?2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉shall,should和oughttoYoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允诺)Nothingshallstopmedoingit.(决心)1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。ShallIopenthewindowforyou?(征求意见)Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou?(请求)2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称,用来表示请求或征求意见。Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令,与oughtto意义相近,但oughtto多表示责任、义务,语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,用于否定则表示“本不该…但”oughtto的语气更强烈.1.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourney.()A.can'tbeB.mustn'thavebeenC.shouldn'tbeD.couldn'thavebeenD2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.()A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoD4.Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysure.A.mustB.canC.mayD.willC5.---CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?---Yes,you____.A.willB.couldC.mayD.mightC6.Sorry,I’mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.willA7.--Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.--You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’tA8.---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needB9.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegoneD10.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.()A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn'tB11.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,_____?()A.didn’ttheyB.don’ttheyC.mustn’ttheyD.haven’ttheyD12.Imissedthebus,soI___gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadtoD
本文标题:必修三unit1语法
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