【通用版】中考英语总复习：句子种类ppt-专项超详细讲解(2)

1.马力喜欢这部电影。Marylovesthismovie.2.穿黑色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。ThegirlinblackisYangmi.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。GuoJingmingisn’tagay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Doyoulikethismovie?2.郭敬明多高？HowtallisGuoJingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？GuoJingmingisagay,isn’the?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）Whatabusymovie!Howbusythemovieis!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Don’tfartatthecinema!3.请关门.Pleaseclosethedoor.句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Marylovesthismovie.ThegirlinblackisYangmi.GuoJingmingisn’tagay.肯定句式：否定句式：Shecan’tswim.Marydoesn’tlikethismovie.Thechildrendidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词don’t,doesn’t,didn’t.按使用目的可分：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。Areyouapig?Doyouloveme?Isn’tsheabeautifulteacher?Canyoufly?2）特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词what,where,who,when,why,which,howWhatdayisittoday?Whereareyougoing?Howareyou?Whoareyou?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回答时不用yes或no。--Areyouaboyoragirl?--I’magirl.--Whereareyougoing,ShenzhenorThailand?--I’mgoingtoThailand.4）反意疑问句：陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。--Youareadog,aren’tyou?--No,I’mnot.--ShelikeseatingMcDonald,doesn’tshe?--Yes,shedoes.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。Whatahandsomeboyheis!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】Howhandsometheboyis!2.这是一只多么可爱的狗啊！Whatalovelydogitis!Howlovelythedogis!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。Nosmoking!不要抽烟！Don’tfartatthecinema!不要在电影院放屁！Nevergiveup!永不言弃！Letitgo!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。TheLostTombisverypopular.2.吴邪和张起灵都很帅。WuXieandZhangQilingarehandsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。WuXiestandsupandwalkstome.简单句的五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+O（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+P（主＋系＋表）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+O+OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）把两个或几个简单句，用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。Hewastired.Hewenttobed.Hewastiredsohewenttobed.I’mugly.I’mgentle.I’muglybutI’mgentle.常用的并列连词and,both…and,平行并列连词notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however转折并列连词whileyetbecause因果并列连词sofor,thereforeor选择并列连词otherwiseeither…or1.Maryisthirsty,_____sheneedsaglassofwater.2.Heisanactor,_______hiswifeisasinger.3.Hewassotired,_____hehadtogotoschool.4.Don’tbelate,______thereisameeting.5.Hurryup,____you’llbelate.6.Heworkshard______hisbrotherisalazybone.soand/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句Hesayssomething.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）Hesaysthattheyarefamily.宾语成分（由一个句子充当）1主语从句4同位语从句2宾语从句3表语从句5定语从句6宾语从句Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.1.Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.Istillremembertheday.IfirstcametoAixuetangonthatday.(when)3.ThisisMary.Maryisapig.(who)Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye主谓主谓一致三原则Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则壹语法一致原则Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。eg:Hisfatherisadoctor.Theyarestudents.Weloveourmotherland.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑴由and或both…and….连接的并列主语如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，若指同一个人或物，则谓语动词用单数。eg：BothLucyandLilyarestudents.Aworkerandwriterisgoingtogaveusatalk.一个工人兼作家知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑵用one、everyone、eachone、anyone、each、either、neither等+of+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg：Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsispretty.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑶不定代词either、neither、theother、another、someone、somebody、something等在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg：Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting?Thereissomethingwrongthemybike.知识要点知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑷不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg：Readingislearning.Toseeistobelieve.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑸主语后面跟有with,alongwith,except,besides,but,aswellas,togetherwith,including,ratherthan等词或短语，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致。就远原则eg：Theboytogetherwithherparentsgoestothemuseumonceaweek.Allthestudents,includingTom,aregoingtothepark.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑹由“someof,plentyof,alotof,mostof,therestof,allof,halfof,分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词常与of后面的名词保持数的一致。eg：Twothirdsoftheworkwasfinishedbyme.MostofthecomputersboughtfromBeijing.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑺“apair/akind/aseries….+of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“pairs/kinds…+of+名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg：Akindofbirdshasbeendiscoveredbythem.Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑻某些只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg：Myglasseswerebroken.pantsshoesshortstrousersglovesclothes知识要点梦の家Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye贰主谓一致中的意义一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式。主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。eg:Twentydollarsistoodear.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑴主语为集体名词，若表示集体概念谓语动词用单数,若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。team,class,group,company,eg：Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.Myfamilyalllikeclassicalmusic.⑵有些集合名词，形式上是单数，意义上表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词news,physics等，形式上是复数，而意义上表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。police,people人们peoples民族eg：Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Physicsisveryinteresting.Wealllikeit.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfill