澳大利亚历史英语介绍

AustraliaHistory姜婉莹尹梦瑶刘欣HumanhabitationinAustraliabeganmore47,000yearsago.Wherewereoriginalinhabitantancestorsfrom?PrehistoricTimes(史前时期）ThefirstdiscoveryofAustraliabyEuropeanexplorerswasin1606,whichmaybetakenasthestartingpointforwrittenhistoryofAustralia.Theearlypre-colonialperiodThecolonialperiodFederationperiodModerntimes01020304Contents早期殖民前期殖民时期联邦时期现代时期Theearlypre-colonialperiod01European’sExplorationinAustraliaWillemJansz&DickHartogJamesCook真正发现澳大利亚的人（1770）植物湾（BotanyBay)European’sExplorationinAustraliaTorres靠近澳洲东部的新赫布里底群岛证实：新几内亚与“未知的南方大陆”之间是由一道海峡分隔开而非连接在一起的（1606）有记载第一个踏上澳大利亚的欧洲人（1606）&澳大利亚西海岸首位发现者（1616）Thecolonialperiod021Thefoundationofcolony2Thegoldenrush英国流放犯建立殖民地Reason:TheprimaryreasonwastheestablishmentofapenalcolonytotoreducetheprisonpopulationandthecrimerateinBritian.TheBritishsettlementinAustraliabeganinthelate18thcentury.Thefoundationofcolony1787.5.131788.1.2626,January11boatscarried575prisonersand212soldiersleavingforAustralia,theyarecalled“thefirstfleet(第一舰队）”TheyreachedSydneyHarbourandsettleddownhere.Australia’sNationalDay(澳大利亚国庆日）ThefoundationofcolonyMarkedaturningpointinAustralia’scolonialhistoryLeadanincreasedpoliticalindependencefromBritianandagreatdebateaboutfederation.PopulationofAustraliaincreasedandbroughtimmediateandlong-termchangestotheeconomyBeganintheearly1850s1Influenceoneconomy23InfluenceonpoliticTheGoldenRush03FederationperiodQueenslandSouthAustraliaVictoria&TasmaniaNewSouthWalesWesternAustraliaSixSeparateColoniestheCommonwealthofAustraliaOn1January,1901,theProclamationoftheCommonwealthofAustraliawasheldinSydney.TheCommonwealthofAustraliaConstitutionActdividedthepowersofgovernmentbetweenthestateandthefederallevel.Thefederalgovernmenthadcontrolofdefence,communicationbetweenthestates,thepostalsystem,customs,immigration,foreignaffairs,welfare,andindustrialmattersthataffectedmorethanonestate.Eachstatekeptitsownparliament,andhadpoweroversuchmatterswithinitsownbordersaseducationandpolice.TheCommonwealthofAustraliamaintainedstrongbondswithBritain.1223ConstitutionActTheCommonwealthofAustraliatimereasonresultBeganon4August,1914,WhenBritaindeclaredwaronGermany,AustraliaimmediatelyfollowedBritain’slead.Strongcultural,defence,tradeandeconomictiesthathaddevelopedbetweenthetwocountries.ThefamiliarityandintimacyencouragedmanyAustralianstocallBritain“home”.AustraliawasnotattackedduringtheFirstWorldWar,buttherewereseveredisruptionstodailylife.TheFirstWorldWar“Iftheoldcountryisatwar,soarewe”.AustraliawouldstandbesideGreatBritaintohelpanddefendherto“ourlastmanandourlastshilling”.NotonlybecauseofrelationshipwithBritain,butalsofortheworldpeaceandsafetyofitself.Semptember3,1939,AfterBritaindeclaredwaronGermanytwodayslater.TheAustralianandAmercianforcesfoughttheJapaneseinmanyareasofthePacificandSouthEsia.TheWorldWarTwo1234ThedevelopmentofAustraliaaftertheSecondWorldWarThewaveofimmigrantsTheVietnamWarandWhitlam'sgovernmentTheNewRightThe1999referendumInsurancelabor-capitalrelationshipHygieneEducationImmigrationDiplomacyAfterWorldWar2,Australialaunchedamassiveimmigrationprogramin1964.In1972,GoughWhitlambecamethefirstPrimeMinisteroftheLaborPartyin23years.Thankyouforlistening