太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪技术的研究之毕业论文

毕业设计（论文）太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪技术的研究学生姓名：雷凌峰学号：0925021112所在系部：电气信息系专业班级：09gz信工一指导教师：王远日期：二○一二年六月i摘要常规能源也叫传统能源，英文名conventionalenergy，是指已经大规模生产和广泛利用的能源。如煤炭、石油、天然气、核能等都属一次性非再生的常规能源。而水电则属于再生能源，如葛洲坝水电站和三峡水电站，只要长江水不干涸，发电也就不会停止。煤和石油天然气则不然，它们在地壳中是经千百万年形成的(按现在的采用速率，石油可用几十年，煤炭可用几百年)，这些能源短期内不可能再生，因而人们对此都有着不好的预感。已能大规模生产和广泛利用的一次能源，又称传统能源，如煤炭、石油、天然气、水力和核裂变能，是促进社会进步和文明的主要能源。在讨论能源问题时，主要指的是常规能源。新能源是在新技术基础上系统地开发利用的能源，如太阳能、风能、海洋能、地热能等，与常规能源相比，新能源生产规模较小，使用范围较窄。另一方面，化石能源枯竭问题和能源环境污染问题也时时困扰着人类。世界能源以化石能源为主的结构特征，使得化石能源枯竭的日子离我们越来越近。而在许多发展中国家，城市大气污染已达到十分严重的程度，在欧洲和北美也出现了超越国界的大气污染，形成了广泛的环境酸化，上千个湖泊的湖水酸度达到了不能支持鱼类生存的程度，酸性气体所造成的腐蚀损失，每年高达10亿美元。因而，新能源的开发利用就显得尤为重要了。现如今太阳能的开发利用技术已经相当成熟，太阳能电池也逐渐普遍。不过，大范围使用太阳能电池就得考虑到许多相关的问题。根据太阳能电池的工作原理，当光照强度、温度等自然条件变化时，太阳能电池的输出特性将随之改变，输出功率及最大工作点亦相应改变。在实际的应用系统中，自然光的照射强度及大气的透光率处于动态变化中，这就给光伏系统的高效应用带来了困难。理论上讲，事物的利用都是要讲究高效率的。因此，太阳能充分开发及利用的一面就体现在对太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪的研究上。理论上讲，太阳能电池最大功率点是可以根据其规律然后通过某些控制策略来使其稳定已达到太阳能电池充分利用的目的的。因此，在总结以前的经验和方法的基础上，再根据太阳能电池的内ii部结构以及输出特性可得到几种控制策略：控制太阳能电池阵列的串并联数、CVT即恒定电压跟踪控制脉宽调制法等。相对来说，除了这三种主流控制策略外还有一些控制策略，它们的优势各不相同，实际操作时可综合考虑。关键词：传统能源新能源太阳能控制策略iiiAbstractConventionalenergyalsocalledthetraditionalenergy,Englishnameconventionalenergy,itistopointtohavemassproductionandextensiveuseofenergy.Suchascoal,oil,naturalgas,nuclearpowerisone-timetheregenerationofconventionalenergysources.Andhydropowerbelongtorenewableenergy,suchasgezhoubahydropowerstationandthethreegorgeshydropowerstation,aslongastheYangtzeriverwaterisnotdry,powergenerationwon'tstop.Coalandoilandgasisdifferent,theyareintheearth'scrustisintheformoftenmillion(accordingtotherateofnow,oilcanbeusedforseveraldecades,coalcanbeusedhundredsofyears),theenergyintheshorttermmaynotrenewable,anditwasallhavebadfeeling.Canalreadymassproductionandtheextensiveuseofanenergy,alsocalledthetraditionalenergy,suchascoal,oil,gas,hydraulicandnuclearfissioncan,ispromotingsocialprogressandcivilizationofmainenergy.Indiscussenergyproblem,referstotheconventionalenergy.Newenergyisanewtechnologytodevelopandutilizethesystembasedontheenergy,suchassolarenergy,windenergy,geothermalenergy,andpower,comparedwithconventionalenergy,newenergyproductiononasmallerscale,useanarrowrange.Ontheotherhand,fossilenergyexhaustionandenergyenvironmentpollutionproblemhasalwayswithhumans.Worldenergyinfossilenergymainlythestructurecharacteristics,makefossilenergythedrydayswasmoreandmoreclosertous.Andinmanydevelopingcountries,urbanairpollutionhasalreadyreachedtheveryseriousdegree,inEuropeandNorthAmericaalsoappearedwapneratmosphericpollution,formingawiderangeofenvironmentacidification,thousandsoflakelakeacidityreachedcan'tsupportfishsurvivaldegree,acidicgascausedbycorrosiondamage,$1billionayear.Therefore,thedevelopmentofnewenergyuseisparticularlyimportant.Nowadaysthedevelopmentandutilizationofsolarenergytechnologyhavequitemature,solarcellsalsograduallypopular.However,widespreaduseofsolarbatteryivwillhavetoconsidermanyrelatedproblems.Accordingtotheworkprincipleofsolarcells,whenlightintensity,temperatureandothernaturalconditionschange,solarbatteryoutputcharacteristicswillchange,outputpoweranditslargestalsochangeaccordingly.Intheactualapplicationsystem,thenaturallighttoilluminateintensityandatmosphericlighttransmittanceindynamicchange,thiswillgivephotovoltaicsystemofhighefficiencyapplicationcauseddifficulties.Intheory,theuseofthingsistopayattentiontohighefficiency.Therefore,thedevelopmentandutilizationofsolarenergyfullysidethatreflectedinthemaximumpowerpointofsolarbatteryontrack.Intheory,themaximumpowerpointofsolarbatteryisaccordingtoitsrulesandthenthroughcansomecontrolstrategytomakeitsstabilityhasalreadyreachedthesolarcellstomakefulluseofpurpose.So,insummaryoftheexperienceandmethodsofbefore,basedonsolarbatteryagainaccordingtotheinternalstructureandoutputcharacteristicscanbeseveralcontrolstrategies:controlofthesolararrayseriesnumber,CVTnamelyconstantvoltagetrackingcontrolpulsewidthmodulationmethod,etc.Relativelyspeaking,inadditiontothethreekindsofmaincontrolstrategyandsomeofthecontrolstrategy,theirstrengthseacharenotidentical,theactualoperationcanbeconsidered.Keywords:traditionalenergynewenergysolarcontrolstrategy目录摘要····················································iAbstract················································iii1绪论·················································11.1当今能源发展趋势··································11.2太阳能电池最大功率点的由来························12控制策略··············································42.1控制太阳能电池阵列的串并联数·····················42.1.1··············································42.1.2··············································62.2CVT即恒定电压跟踪控制····························72.3脉宽调制法·······································102.3.1··············································112.3.2··············································122.3.3··············································133各种控制策略的比较···································153.1···················································153.2···················································163.3···················································16结论