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美渠·中国GenderBiasInLanguage万物归类、男女有别!GenderBiasinEmployment?EmploymentGenderBiasinMarriage?Marriage美渠·中国Genderdifferenceinsyntax(语法,句法)1.Allmanarecreatedequal:thefirstsentenceinAmericanDeclarationofIndependence2.Heisapoliceman/CEOofafamouscompany/pilot/fireman/doctor/chairman/president.(toenjoyexalted(高尚的,尊贵的,兴奋的)positions)3.Sheisanurse/babysitter/teacher/housekeeper/shopkeeper.(service-oriented(导向的,定向的)professions)4.Thegirlsarechatting/gossiping.Theboysarediscussing.5.Heisahardman.(他是个勤奋刻苦的人)Sheisahardwoman.(她是个铁石心肠的冷面女人)6.Heiscold.(他沉着冷静)Sheiscold.(她性格冷僻)美渠·中国Genderdifferenceinsyntax(语法,句法)7.JohnBull,UncleSam,IvanarealwaysusedtostandforBritish,American,andRussianpeoplerespectively.Allofthemaremalenames.8.manonthestreet:ordinary(普通的,平凡的)people/womanonthestreet:aprostitute(妓女)animposingman:animpressive(给人以印象深刻的)man/animposingwoman:sheiscoldandmerciless9.wordpairs:fatherandmother,grandpaandgrandma,uncleandaunt,brotherandsister,InChinese:爸爸妈妈,金童玉女,才子佳人,英雄美人10.firstmalesthenfemales,ladiesandgentleman:ladyfirstinsomeformaloccasionstoshowthegentlenessoftheman.美渠·中国Genderdifferenceinsyntax(语法,句法)11.The–ess(less)suffixhasaminimizing(极小值的)ortrivializing(trivialize使平凡,使琐碎)effect.Host,hostess-----hostActor,actress----actorPoet,poetess----poetHero-heroineAmbassador-ambassadressHeir-heiressEmperor-empressConductor-conductressAuthor,authoress----authorSteward,stewardess----flightattendant美渠·中国WhataboutlanguagebiasinChinese?1)socialrolesandfamilyroles(prefix):警官,女警官法官,女法官大胖小子,小丫头Eveninderogatory(贬损的)words:大色狼小三2)address:WifeinclassicalChinese:拙荆(cheapheaddressmadeofwoodfrombranches)、糟糠(grainunrefined)、内子、贱内Wifeindifferentdialects:堂客,屋里的,烧锅的,家煮婆HusbandinclassicalChinese:老爷,官人Husbandindialects:当家的,掌柜的3)samewords,differentdenotations:狮、虎:usedtodescribeMENwhoarerobust,braveandroyal;Butforwomen:河东狮吼,母老虎美渠·中国Inthe1960sfeminism(女权主义,女权运动,男女平等主义)becamethesubjectofintensedebatewhenthewomen’sliberationmovementencouragedwomentorejecttheirtraditionalsupportingroleandtodemandequalstatusandequalrightswithmeninareassuchasemploymentandpay.FeminismhasbroughtaboutmanychangesintheEnglishlanguage.Manywordsforjobtitlesthatincluded“man”havebeenreplaced,forexample“policeofficer”isusedinsteadof“policeman”,“firefighter”for“fireman”“chairperson”for“chairman”.Thetitle“Ms”isusedforwomeninsteadof“Miss”or“Mrs.”,sinceitdoesnotshowwhetherawomanismarriedornot.Thewaywesolveit美渠·中国GenderbiasinlanguageThenlet’slistmoreexamples:Theuseofmaletermstorefertobothmalesandhumanbeingsingeneral.Mankind,chairman,Britishman,fireman,mailman,spokesman,salesman,policeman,congressman(国会议员;众议院议员),postman,etc.(biased)Revisedversions:Humankind,chairperson,Britishpeople,firefighter,mailperson/mailcarrier,spokesperson,salesperson,policeofficer,congressperson,etc.
本文标题:语言中的性别歧视【gender-bias-in-language】
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