英语语法-形容词、副词讲解

形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)一.翻译下列句子，划出句中的形容词（adj.）1)Heisatallman.2)Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.3)Heisclever.4)Runninginthemorningmakeshimstrong.1)Heisatallman.2)Mybeautifulpresentisonthedesk.3)Ihavefiveredpencils.1.形容词常放在______；它们前面常带有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词等名词前4)Thereis________________withthewatch.这个手表有点问题。5)Isthere_________________?有什么重要的事情吗？1.形容词常放在名词前；它们前面常带有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词等2.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时，形容词要放在______________不定代词的之后somethingwronganythingimportant1)Heisstrong.2)It’sgettingwarm.3)Thesouptastesdelicious.4)Shefellasleep.3.形容词可以放在_______后①状态系:②感官系:③变化类:④持续系：系动词be,is,am,are,was,were,beenfeel,look,appear,seem,sound,taste,smellbecome,grow,get,go,turn,fallkeep,stay,remain1)Runninginthemorningmakeshimstrong.2)Wethinkthefilmreallyinteresting.3)Whohasleftthedooropen?4)Ifoundherasleeponthegrass.4.形容词修饰补充说明_____的性质、状态宾语形容词在句中常作______、______和______。1)Heisatallman.2)Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.3)Heisclever.4)Runninginthemorningmakeshimstrong.定语表语补语定语表语补语定语二.什么是副词？有哪些种类？翻译下列句子，指出画线部分单词的词性1.It’sverylatenow.Don’tgoout!2.Itfrequentlyrainsheavilyinspring.时间副词地点副词方式副词频度副词程度副词修饰动词，表示动作发生的程度、时间、地点、频度、方式等或表达状态的词叫副词。fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly等Iamreallysorrytohearthat.TheweatherhereisquitedifferentfromthatinNanjing.Thegirlsworksveryhard.一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词____面。1.程度副词：前2.时间副词：here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,upstairs,downstairs等3.地点副词：now,then,soon,ago,recently,lately,later,before,early,today,tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,suddenly,immediately,still,already,just等通常位于句___，先_____后_____Theywentswimmingintheriveryesterday.Yesterdaytheywentswimmingintheriver.时间副词还可以放在句___末地点时间首always,usually,often,frequently,seldom,sometimes,never,hardly,rarely,constantly,occasionally等Theboyisoftenlateforschool.Ihaveneverseensuchagoodfilm.1）通常___动词、___________动词之后2）通常放在行为动词之___Heusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.4.频度副词：be助动词/情态前表示行为方式的副词大多以ly结尾，如quietly,heavily,warmly,carefully,happily,politely,angrily等。Shewalkedintotheclassroomhappily.Mikewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisparents.Myfatherworkshard.5.方式副词：1)通常放在动词____面。后Luckily,Jimcatchesthebusintime.2)修饰整个句子用作状语，放在句____。首easilyluckily三.某些形容词变副词，词尾怎么变化？写出下列形容词的副词形式，注意其变化规律widemusicalwonderfuleasyluckymagiccomfortabletruetruly⑤少数以e结尾的形容词，去e再加ly①通常在形容词后直接加__④ble/tle结尾的形容词去__为__lyey②y结尾的形容词，改__为__再加__yily③ic结尾的词,加____allywidelymusicallywonderfullymagicallycomfortablynice__________polite___________rude______________slow__________quick___________quiet_____________real__________careful__________hopeful___________busy___________angry___________easy_____________heavy__________happy__________lucky____________automatic_______________energetic_______________terrible____________gentle___________true__________把下列形容词改为副词nicelyrudelypolitelyreallycarefullyhopefullyslowlyquicklyquietlybusilyangrilyeasilyheavilyhappilyluckilyautomaticallyenergeticallyterriblygentlytruly找出下列一组词中词性不同的一个单词A.hurriedlyB.repeatedlyC.naturallyD.absolutelyE.friendlyF.obviously四.-ly结尾的词都是副词吗?以ly结尾的词不一定是副词，有可能是形容词。dailyweeklymonthlyyearly日常的：每周的：每月的：每年的：友好的：可能的：活泼的：可爱的：孤独的：丑陋的：致命的：friendlylikelylivelylovelylonelyuglydeadly表示时间的名词＋ly比较级或最高级的变化原级比较级最高级tallhardlargewidebighotthinfatwethappydryearlydifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-st重读闭音节词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写辅音字母再加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)多音节词和部分双音节词前面加more(比较级)或most(最高级)原级比较级最高级巧记口诀badillmanymuchgoodwelllittleoldfarbetterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远*old–older,oldest–elder,eldest*far–farther,farthest–further,furthest重要的–较不重要–最不重要________-____________-_____________“less+形容词原形”表示“较不…”“least+形容词原形”表示“最不…”远的（具体的距离）进一步（抽象的）年长的；老的；旧的(亲戚关系中)年长的leastimportantlessimportantimportant1)大多以a开头的形容词afraid(害怕的)alone(单独的)alive(活着的)asleep(睡着的)awake(醒着的)1.Thebabyisasleep.2.Thegirlisafraidofsnakes.3.Hefeelswelltoday.2)其他个别形容词，例如favorite(最爱的)worth(值得的)excellent(优秀的)unable(不能的)wonderful(极好的)well(健康的)ill(病了的)但是，少数形容词没有比较等级的变化，只能放在系动词后，不放名词前作定语。Thingstoremember:1)考虑是规则还是不规则；2)如果是规则，“-er”是加在单音节后面变成比较级“more”是加在多音节前面变成比较级3)避免“more”和“-er”同时出现。做题时，碰到形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成写出下列词汇的比较级和形容词long–_______–________young–_______–________soon–_______–________fast–_______–________cold–_______–________near–_______–________bright–_______–________short–_______–________new–_______–________high–_______–________low–_______–________slow–_______–________close–_______–________strange–_______–________fine–_______–________white–_______–________nice–_______–________late–_______–________longerlongestyoungeryoungestsoonersoonestfasterfastestcoldercoldestnearernearestbrighterbrightestshortershortestnewernewesthigherhighestlowerlowestslowerslowestclosercloseststrangerstrangestfinerfinestwhiterwhitestnicernicestlaterlatestred–_______–__