基于单片机的恒压供水系统设计

摘要I摘要建设节约型社会，合理开发、节约利用和有效保护水资源是一项艰巨任务。根据高校用水时间集中，用水量变化较大的特点，分析了校园原供水系统存在了耗能高，可靠性低，水资源浪费严重，管网系统待完善的问题。提出利用自来水恒压供水和水泵提水相结合的方式，并配以变频器、软启动器、单片机、微泄露补偿器、压力传感器、液位传感器等不同功能传感器，根据管网的压力，通过变频器控制水泵的转速，使管网中的压力始终保持在合适的范围。从而解决因楼层太高而导致压力不足及小流量时能耗大的问题。另外水泵耗电功率与电机转速的三次方成正比关系，所以水泵调速运行的节能效果非常明显，平均耗电量较通常供水方式节省近四成。结合使用可编程控制器，可实现主泵变频，副泵软启动，具有短路保护、过流保护功能，工作稳定可靠，大大延长了电机的使用寿命。关键字：恒压变频供水，单片机，差压供水，自动ABSTRACTIIABSTRACTBuidingtheconservation-orientedsociety,thereasonabledevelopment,savesandtheeffectiveprotectingwaterresourcesisanarduoustask,accordingtotheuniversitywaterusedtime,thewaterconsumptionchangemajorcharacteristic,analyzedthecampsusoriginalwatersupplysystemexistencecosttobehigh,thereliabilitywaslow,thewaterresourceswaste,thepipenetworksystemtreatedtheconsummationthequestion.Proposedthatdrawswaterthewaywhichusingtheruningwaterhydraulicpressurewatersupplyandthewaterpumpunifies,andmatchesbytheinverter,thesoftstarter,SCM,Microrevealsthecompensator,thepressuretransmitter,thefluidpositionsensorandsoon.Accordingtothenetworkmanagementpressure,controlswaterpump’srotationalspeedthroughtheinverter,causesinwaterpipe’spressuremaintainsatthroughouttheappropriatescope,thusmaysolvetheproblemwhichthefloorhighpressureistooinsufficientwhensmallcurrentcapacitytheenergyconsumptionisbig.Moreoverthewaterpumpconsumestheelectricpowerandtheelectricmachineryratationalspeedisproportionalthreecubedtherelations,thereforethewaterpumpvelocitymadulationmovement’senergyconservationeffectisobvious,thesveragepowerconsumptionusualwatersupplywaysaves40%.Theunionusestheprogrammablecontroller,mayrealizethemainpumpfrequencyconversion,theauxiliarypumpsoftstart,hastheshortcircuitprotection,theoverflowprotection,functionstably,theworkreliable,lengthenedelectricalmachinerygreatly.Keywords:Constantpressurefrequencyconversionwatersupply,SCM,differentialpressurewatersupply,automaticcontrol目录III目录第一章引言..............................................................................................................11.1变频恒压供水系统主要特点.............................................................................11.2传统定压方式的弊病.............................................................................................11.3恒压供水设备的主要应用场合..............................................................................21.4恒压供水技术实现..................................................................................................21.5变频节能理论..........................................................................................................31.5.1交流电机变频调速原理...............................................................................31.6变频恒压供水系统及控制参数选择......................................................................31.6.1变频恒压供水系统组成...............................................................................31.6.2变频恒压供水系统的参数选取...................................................................41.7变频恒压供水系统的特点......................................................................................4第二章变频恒压调速供水系统的工作原理..........................................................62.1系统工作过程..........................................................................................................72.2变频调速的基本调速调速原理..............................................................................92.3变频调速恒压供水工况分析与能耗机理分析....................................................102.3.1管路水力损失及性能曲线.........................................................................102.3.2水泵变频调速节能分析.............................................................................112.3.3调速范围的确定.........................................................................................122.4本章小结................................................................................................................13第三章变频恒压调速供水系统硬件设计............................................................143.1硬件总体说明........................................................................................................143.2555定时器复位电路.............................................................................................153.35V单片机供电电源电路......................................................................................173.4LED数值显示D/A数值采集D/A数值反馈...................................................173.4.1LED数值显示模块....................................................................................173.4.2数据采集A/D转换电路...........................................................................19第四章变频恒压调速供水系统软件设计............................................................254.1变频恒压调速供水系统软件设计总体说明.......................................................254.28051系列单片的编程语言...................................................................................254.3编程软件...............................................................................................................264.3.1C051编译器介绍.......................................................................................264.3.2KEIL编译器..............................................................................................26目录IV