IE训练教材-新QC七大手法

IE訓練教材-新QC七大手法EDITBY：KiwiWuIssueDate：00’04’23IntroductionThe7AdvancedToolsofQualityareappliedtoplanandanalysealpha-numericinformationasexpressedinelementsoflanguageOftenmatricesareusedtoshowarelationshipbetweenseveralelementsoflanguage.Theanalysisoffactsandopinionsresultinactivitieswhichreachtheformulatedgoals.Foranalysisthefirstfivetoolsareuseful.Thelasttwotoolsaremainlyusedtoplantheseactivities.TeamapproachApplyingthe7AdvancedToolsofQualitytypicallyisateamactivity.Agoodteammustbecrossfunctional.Criteriaforthisare:1.Knowledgeandexperiencewiththesubject(specialism)2.Experienceontheshopfloor3.Experienceofsolvingproblemsinastructuredway4.WillingnesstoworkinateamandtobecomeinvolvedinteamactivitiesThe7AdvancedToolsThe7AdvancedToolsare:TheAffinityDiagram：TheInterrelationshipDigraphTheTreeDiagramThePrioritisationMatrixTheMatrixDiagramTheProcessDecisionProgramChartTheActivityNetworkDiagramorArrowDiagramTool1--TheAffinityDiagramBybrainstorminganAffinityDiagramallowstogeneratealargenumberofideasorissues.Wecanplacethisinformationinnaturalgroupingstounderstandtheessenceofproblemandtogeneratesolutions.AnAffinityDiagramisusedinthefollowingway:1.Definetheproblemorissuetobediscussed.2.Reachconsensusonthechoiceofwords3.HaveabrainstormingsessionandwritetheideasboldonPost-it™notes.4.Makefivetotenrelatedgroupings.5.Byconsensuscreateasummaryforeachrelatedgrouping.6.Interprettheresultsanddefineactions.TheAffinityDiagramKJ法用途：1.繁雜的文字語言，結合成易懂的方案2.用以認清事實與突破現況Tool2--InterrelationshipDigraphTheInterrelationshipDigraphshowscauseandeffectrelationshipsbetweenitems.Aarrowisdrawnfromoneideawhichisacausestoanotherwhichistheresult.DuetocomplexityaFishboneDiagramcannotbeused.Theitemsthathavemostlyarrowspointingtowardsthemarelongrangetargetsandtheitemsthathavemostarrowsgoingoutareinitialactionitems.InterrelationshipDigraph.•關連圖法用途1.能導出適當解決對策的有效方法2.用於要因具有複雜的關係HowtomakeInterrelationshipDigraphAnInterrelationshipDigraphisusedinthefollowingway:1.Definetheproblemorissuetobediscussed.2.Bybrainstorminggenerateideas3.Forallonebyonecombinationofcardslookforcauseandeffectrelationships.Drawarrowsifrelationshipsexist4.ReviewtheInterrelationshipDigraphforcompletenessandlogicalcauseandeffectrelationships.5.InterpretthestructureoftheInterrelationshipDigraph,drawconclusions,defineactions.Tool3--TreeDiagramATreeDiagramsplitsabroadbasicstatementgraphicallyintoseverallevelsofmoredetailedactionsortasks.Itisaexcellenttoolforcommunicationinsideandoutsidetheteam.系統圖法用途：1.可應用5WHY法2.以展開找對策型3.常與特性要因圖轉換使用HowtomakeTreeDiagramItisusedinthefollowingway:1.UsingconsensusdecisionmakingconsideraTreeDiagramtargetstatement.2.BybrainstorminggenerateTreeheadingsforthefirst,second,thirdetc.levels.3.Foreveryheadingask:Howcanweachievethetargetstatement?AgoodTreeDiagramshowstwotofourlevels.4.ReviewtheTreeDiagramforcompletenessandlogicalflow.5.InterpretthestructureoftheTreeDiagram,drawconclusions,defineactions.Tool4--PrioritisationMatricesAPrioritisationMatrixallowsateamtoselectoptionsusingasystematicapproachtocomparechoicesbyselecting,weightingandapplyingcriteria.Itsplitsthefinaldecisionintomanysmalldecisionsandavoidsadecisiontakenonpersonalpreference.Basedonthenumberofteammembers,optionsandcriteriathereareseveralapproaches.Forsmallteams,withonlyafewoptionsandcriteria,theFullAnalyticCriteriaMethodisused.ThemostappliedistheFullAnalyticalCriteriaMethod.矩陣數據解析法：1.複雜工程解析2.複雜多變量的品質評價3.數據之解析分析FullAnalyticalCriteriaMethodHowtousePrioritisationMatrixAPrioritisationMatrixusingtheFullAnalyticalCriteriaMethodisusedinthefollowingway:1.Definethetargetstatementorissuetobediscussed.Discussitandarriveatconsensusaboutthefinaldefinition.2.Brainstormalistofcriteria.Takecompanystrategiesandotherguidelinesinaccount.3.PlaceallcriteriaontheXaxisandYaxisofamatrix(figure4).Weighteachcriterionagainstanother.Startwiththeverticalaxisandcompareeachcriteriontothecriteriaonthehorizontalaxis.Eachtimeaweightisrecorded(1,5or10),itsreciprocalvalue(1,1/5,1/10)mustbefilledinthecorrespondingcolumncell.HowtousePrioritisationMatrixTotalallhorizontalrowsandforeachweightcalculatearelativedecimalvalue.Thisisthecriteriaweighting.1.Createamatrixfortheoptions.Foreachcriterioncomparealloptionsasdescribedunderpointthreetogettheoptionrating.2.Createasummarymatrix.PlacethecriteriaontheXaxisandtheoptionsontheYaxis.Comparealltheoptionswiththecriteria.Foreachcell,multiplythecriteriaweightingwiththeoptionrating.Calculateeachrowtotalforeachoptionresultacrossallcriteria.Calculatearelativedecimalvalue.Tomakeproperdecisionscomparethesedecimalvalues.3.Usecommonsenseandtheinputofthesummarymatrixtochoosethebestoption(s)acrossallcriteria.HowtousePrioritisationMatrixTool5--MatrixDiagramAMatrixDiagramallowsateamoranindividualtosystematicallyidentify,analyseandratethepresenceandstrengthofrelationshipsbetweenatleasttwosetsofinformation.AMatrixDiagramcancommunicatealargeamountofinformationononepieceofpaper.矩陣圖法用途：1.應用系統展開2.工程不良原因追查3.多元性思考，可明確找出問題的方法Howtodo-MatrixDiagramAMatrixDiagramismadeinthefollowingway:1.Definet