出师表及英文翻译

诸葛亮《前出师表》Chu-KoKung-ming'sSecondMemorialtotheThroneonhisExpedition臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂。今天下三分，益州疲敝，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内；忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。I,yourhumblesubjectZhugeLiang,havethistosay:ThelateEmperorhadbyfarnotyetattainedhisobjectiveofrestoringtheHanDynastybeforehedeceasedhalfwayinhiscareer.Nowthecountryisdividedintothreecamps,andYizhouhasexhausteditresources.Itisindeedacriticalmomentwhensurvivalisatstake.However,theroyalguardskeepvigilantatcourtwhiletheloyalsoldierswithhighaimfightselflesslyonthebattlefield,becausetheybearinmindthelateEmperor’sspecialgrace,wishingtorepayittoYourMajesty.Itwouldbemostjudiciousthatyougivemoreopen-mindedhearingtoyourcounselors,soastoaggrandizehislegacyofnoblevirtuesandheightenthearmymen’smorale.Inthemeantime,itwouldbeinadvisabletostrainyourmodestyormakeinaptremarks,thusblockingfaithfulremonstrances.宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所也。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也！侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。Thecourtandthechancelleryareoneentity.Nodifferenceshouldbemadebetweentheminrespectofpromotingandcommendingthegoodorpunishingandcriticizingtheevil.Thosewhoareguiltyofmisconductorcreditablefordevotionandnoblecharactershouldbereferredtotheauthoritiestobepenalizedorawardedontheirmerits,soastomanifestYourMajesty’sjusticeandperspicacity.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoshowpartialityandmakedistinctionbetweenregulationsinsideandoutsidethecourt.MinisterssuchasGuoYouzhi,FeiYiandDongYun,havingintegrityandprobityaswellasfaithinourcauseandpurityofmind,wereselectedbythelateEmperortobeusedbyYourMajesty.Ithinkthattheyshouldbeconsultedonallcourtaffairs,betheygreatorsmall,beforetheyareputintoexecution.Thiswillcertainlybeconducivetomakingupforloopholesanddefectsinourworkandtoeffectinggreatersuccesses.GeneralXiangChong,amanofgoodnature,wellversedintactics,formerlyusedonprobationandconsideredbythelateEmperorascapable,hasbeenrecommendedbyalltobetheMilitarySuperintendent.Inmyhumbleopinion,heshouldbeconsultedonallmattersconcerningthearmy,betheygreatorsmall.Thiswillsurelycontributetotheharmonyinthearmyandtoputtingboththesuperiorandtheindifferentpeopleintheirproperplaces.TobeclosetovirtuouscourtiersandalientoknavishoneswaswhatmadetheEarlierHanDynastystrongandprosperous,whiletobeclosetoknavishcourtiersandalientovirtuousoneswaswhatmadetheLatterHanDynastycollapse.WhenthelateEmperorwasstillalive,hedidnotfailtosignwithregretandbearabittergrudgeagainstEmperorsHuanandLingeverytimehediscussedthishistorywithme.MinisterssuchasChenZhen,ZhangYiandJiangWanareallconstantandloyalsubjects.ItishopedthatYourMajestywillholdthemdearandtrustthem.Inthatcase,therevivaloftheHanDynastycanbeexpectedinthenearestfuture.臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，谘臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明。故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖帅三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允等之任也。愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之咎，以彰其慢。陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！Iwasoriginallyacommoner,tillingmylandinNanyang,tryingmerelytosurviveinthetroubloustimes,notseekingtobeknowntothenobility.ThelateEmperor,disregardingmyhumblebirthandlowposition,condescendedtopaymethreevisitsinmythatchedcottage,consultingmeoncontemporaryissues.Iwasthereforeverygratefultohimandpromisedhimmywhole-heartedservice.Laterourarmysufferedadisastrousdefeat,IwasappointedasenvoytoWuatthetimeofthedebacle,andwasinstalledinofficeatamomentofgreatperilandtribulation.Sincethentwentyoneyearshaveelapsed.Knowingmyprudence,thelateEmperorentrustedmewiththattaskofgreatconsequenceuponhisdemise.Beingthuscommitted,Ihaveoftenworriedatnight,fearinglestIshouldfailtoliveuptothetrust,reflectingdiscredituponHisMajesty’ssagacity.Consequently,IledthetroopstocrosstheRiverLuinthefifthmonth,penetratingintothedepthofthebarrenland.Nowthatthesouthernterritoryisstabilizedandarmamentsaresufficient,itishightimetorewardthearmy,soastomarchnorthandrecoverthecentralpartofthecountry.IwishthatImightexhaustmymediocreabilityinextirpatingthetreacherousmalefactorsandrestoringtheHanDynastywithatriumphantre-entryintothelostcapital.ThisiswhatIshoulddotorepaythekindnessofthelateEmperorandtoperformmydutytoYourMajesty.Asforhandlingmatterswithdiscretionandweighingadvantagesanddisadvantagesaswellasmakingfaithfulremonstrances,theyaretheconcernofGuo,FeiandDong.IbegYourMajestytoenjoinuponmethesuccessoftheexpeditionandtherevivaloftheHanDynasty.ShouldIfail,thencallmetotaskandhavemedulypunished,soastosolacethesoulofthelateEmperor.Intheabsenceofoutspokensuggestionsregardingtheadvancementofvirtuesandmorality,Guo,FeiandDongaretobecorrectedandtohavetheirfaultofremissnessmadeknowntoeverybody.ItwouldbewisethatYourMajestyalsogivemoreconsiderationtoStateaffairs,solicitingthegoodopinionsonconductingthegovernmentandacceptingwithdiscernmen