中国PM2.5污染状况和污染特征的研究

1999-08-161962-.PM2.510001210PM2.5PM2.5PM2.5TSPPM10PM2.5TSPPM10PM2.5PM2.5X513A1001-6929200001-0001-05ResearchonCorrentPollutionsatausandPollutionCharacteristicsofPM2.5inChinaWANGWeiTANGDa-gangLIU~ong-jieYUeXinPANZhiDINGYanChineseResearchAcademyofenvironmentalSciencesBeijing100012AbstractSamplingandanalysisofPM2.5havebeencarriedoutinmunicipalareasandcleanareasinChinaduringthepastfifteenyearsincludingmassdensityofPM2.5compositionsofionsandelementsacidityandbufferabilityofaciditytogetherwithsourceap-portionment.ResearchshowedthatPM2.5pollutionisseriousinmostareasinChinaandtheacidityofPM2.5ismuchhigherthanthatofTSPandPM10.MoreoverthereisatrendthatthePM2.5pollutionisintensifyinginrecentyears.KeywordsatmosphericpollutionatmosphericaerosolPM2.5acidicprecipitationPM2.51!81996PM2.5!2.5mPM2.580PM2.511.1PM2.5A-24516.7Lmin12h1991No.11991@R1001.225C131ResearchofenvironmentalSciencesVol.13No.1200050%48h0.1!g0.47!mDIONEX2120INa+NH4+K+Ca2+Mg2+F-Cl-NO-3SO42-913H+=k1k2VL10logC-14VG1C=10-pH0-10-pHi+10pHi-142H+=k1k2VL10-pHi-10-pH0VG3k1k2109neCeCpH0pHpHipHVLLVGm3C2eCLneCm3CbpH5.60!!#PM10PM15PM2.511988PM2.5TSP!100!m1PM2.5PM2.0100!gm3SO2TSPPM2.5TSPTSPTSP#Table1MassconcentrationsoffineparticlesinChina!m!gm3TSP%31988-03!2.5!10011111092234910031988-03!2.5!10017171041895510091988-08!2.5!100791032124910031988-11!2.5!10018321752606810031988-11!2.5!10023282414365510081992-11!2.0!10030301334213210081993-02!2.0!1003030155507311001415191993-03#04!2.5!1001417379439100!!PM2.5210a2NH4+SO42+2122PM2.5Table2IOncOncentratiOnsOfPM2.5inChinaneCm3H+Na+NH4+K+Ca2+Mg2+F-Cl-NO3-SO42-!+1!-231988-03110.8640.631621.848.05.21.210610230243250531988-03172.4212.021942.847.47.71.341.019.225233131491988-0870.036.510711.18.92.11.413.226.611113615351993-03!04148.1717.251.06.41.90.57012.422.264.785.399.31994-121011.436.139063.325.312.817.462.5113258539451201995-0470.5918.715736.230.59.8710.522.081.874.02531881995-0766.4525.726753.112.512.31.059.861052153773311995-1064.7126.124656.214.512.38.429.86158152360328!+=H++Na++NH4++K++Ca2++Mg2+2!-=F-+Cl-+NO3-+SO42-NH4!HSO4#NH4+SO42-NO3-SO42-1998130TSPNH4+SO42-NO3-Ca2+Mg2+2.3PM2.53PM2.53PM2.5Table3AciditiyandbufferabilityOfdifferentsizedparticlesinChinammm3H+neCm3#$bneCm32.51090.8616.031988-032.5!1511680.5124.91002330.2568.12.51042.421.831988-032.5!1517610.7320.11001890.5527.42.5378.17-6.6151993-03!042.5!1514524.790.2100942.695.581991-11!12103033058.3-54.981991-11!12103024026.2-27.481991-11!12103828024.2-24.531PM2.5S02N0!PM10!#44AlCaFeKNaPSZnMgPbTSPSMnPb5PM2.05TSP1820#Table4AmbientconcentrationofmajorelementsinfineparticlesinChina!gm3!mAlAsBaBrCaCrCLFeK31988-03!2.51.08ND0.11ND1.18NDND0.981.05231991-0102!2.51.13ND0.10ND1.26NDND0.550.96181992-11!2.01.33ND0.03ND2.550.0080.0211.200.32181992-03!2.02.69ND0.07ND2.850.0180.0391.841.632019951996!2.00.230.0010.110.0040.36ND0.0170.110.57!mMgMnNaPPbSSiVZn1988-03!2.50.090.0551.010.440.1296.55ND0.0320.311991-0102!2.50.540.0201.170.370.0143.66ND0.0020.321992-11!2.0ND0.121NDND0.1432.70NDND0.261992-03!2.0ND0.116NDND0.2496.75NDND0.3819951996!2.00.430.0150.10ND0.0301.700.610.0010.04ND4125PM2.0Table5Contributionsofvarioussourcesinbeijing%181992-1111.225.659.70.80.7181993-0211.336.441.80.410.1201995!199648.648.618.56.226.73PM2.5PM2.5TSPPM101.J.19981138!44.2WangWeiWangWenxingChenYanzhietal.bufferabilityofcloudwaterrainwaterandatmosphericparticlesinEMEI.MT.areaA.Proceedingsofglobalandregionalenvironmentalatmo-sphericchemistryC.USA1989.717!719.3.J.19921217!15.4.J.199212126!33.5.J.199515289!94.6.J.1996166438!442.7SakamotoKGaidajisGWangWeietal.ComparisonofacidityforatmosphericparticulatemattercollectedatnorthernandsouthwesterncitiesinChinaandsouth-kantoareainJapanA.InternationalConferenceonaciddepositionineastasiaC.TaipeiChina96Taipei1996.254!266.8.A.92C.1992.347!356.9.J.1993937!8.10WangWeiGaoShidongWangJunetal.Atmosphericpollutioncausedbycoalcombustionanditscountermeasure-fluoridepollu-tionanditscontrol-A.Proceedingsoftheinternationalsympo-siumonacidicdepositionanditsimpactsC.TsukubaJapan1996.265!268.11WangWeiSakamotoKWangGingyueetal.Investigationonaerosolacidityandbufferingabilitytoacidificationofprecipita-tioninChinaA.Proceedingsofthe13thsymposiumonaerosolscienceandtechnologyC.Japan1996.84!86.12WangWeiSakamotoKGaoShidongetal.bufferingabilityanditsrelationshiptoprecipitationofatmosphericaerosolinChinaA.ProceedingsofJapan-ChinasymposiumonenvironmentalscienceSupplementC.Japan1996.5!8.13GaoShidongWangWeiSakamotoKetal.Atmosphericpollu-tionandacidraininsouthernChinaA.Proceedingsofthein-ternationalsymposiumonacidicdepositionanditsimpactsC.TsukiubaJapan1996.261!264.14.J.19969533!37.15WangWeiSakamotoKWangWenxingetal.Pollutioncharac-terisicofatmosphericaerosolaerosolanditsrelationstoacidrainatthesouthernareaoffujianprovinceinChinaJ.JJpnSocAtmosEnviron1997324204!215.16WangWeiSakamotoKWangWenxingetal.AcidityandbufferingabilitytoprecipitationacidificationofatmosphericaerosolscollectedinChinaJ.JAerosolResJpn199712296!102.17.J.1998183248!253.18.J.199818162!67.19.J.199818134!38.20.J.199817138!44.21WangWeiS