The Oxford 3000 ―― 牛津3000核心释义词表

TheOxford3000dTheOxford3000™ThekeywordsoftheOxford3000havebeencarefullyselectedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsandexperiencedteachersasthewordswhichshouldreceivepriorityinvocabularystudybecauseoftheirimportanceandusefulness.Theselectionisbasedonthreecriteria.ThewordswhichoccurmostfrequentlyinEnglishareincluded,basedontheinformationintheBritishNationalCorpusandtheOxfordCorpusCollection.(Acorpusisanelectronicallyheldcollectionofwrittenorspokentexts,oftenconsistingofhundredsofmillionsofwords.)However,beingfrequentinthecorpusaloneisnotenoughforawordtoqualifyasakeyword:itmaybethatthewordisusedveryfrequently,butonlyinanarrowlydefinedarea,suchasnewspapersorscientificarticles.Inordertoavoidincludingtheserestrictedwords,weincludeaskeywordsonlythosewordswhicharefrequentacrossarangeofdifferenttypesoftext.Inotherwords,keywordsarebothfrequentandusedinavarietyofcontexts.Inaddition,thelistincludessomeveryimportantwordswhichhappennottobeusedfrequently,eventhoughtheyareveryfamiliartomostusersofEnglish.Theseinclude,forexample,wordsforpartsofthebody,wordsusedintravel,andwordswhichareusefulforexplainingwhatyoumeanwhenyoudonotknowtheexactwordforsomething.Thesewordswereidentifiedbyconsultingapanelofoverseventyexpertsinthefieldsofteachingandlanguagestudy.ThewordsoftheOxford3000areshowninthemainsectionofthedictionaryinlargerprint,andwithakeysymbolimmediatelyfollowing.OntheCD-ROMthekeywordsareshowninred.Themostusefulpartsoftheentries(particularpartsofspeech,meanings,phrasalverbsandidioms)aremarkedwithasmallkeysymbol.Theentriesforkeywordsoftenhaveextrainformationintheformofmoreexamplesofuse,specialnotesexplainingsynonymsorrelatedwords,orhelpfulillustrations.Thismeansthatthekeywordsmakeanexcellentstartingpointforexpandingyourvocabulary.Withmostkeywords,thereisfarmoretolearnaboutthemthanthefirstmeaningintheentry:oftenthesewordshavemanymeanings,havealargefamilyofwordsdderivedfromthem,orareusedinavarietyofpatterns.Allofthismeansthateachoneofthekeywordsrepaysclosestudy.ThelistcoversBritishandAmericanEnglish.Itisarrangedtoemphasizetheconnectionsbetweenwords,sothatwordswhichareverycloselyrelated(includingadverbsendingin-lyandoppositesstartingwithun-)aregroupedtogether.Somebasicphrasesarealsoincluded.Propernames(namesofpeople,places,etc.beginningwithacapitalletter)andnumbersarenotincludedinthemainlist.Aseparatelistofwordswhichareimportantforlanguagestudy,butlessimportantineverydaylife,followsthemainlist.Knowingthesewordswillhelpyoutounderstandmoreoftheinforma-tiongivenintheentries,especiallyregardingtheword’sgrammarandregister(whetheritisfor-mal,informal,etc.).Inordertomakethedefinitionsinthisdictionaryeasytounderstand,wehavewrittenthemusingthekeywordsoftheOxford3000.Allwordsusedinnormaldefinitiontextarekeywords,orareonthelistoflanguagestudyterms.Numbersandpropernamesarealsousedindefinitions.WhenithasbeennecessarytouseaspecialisttermwhichisnotintheOxford3000,thewordisshowninsmallcapitals,andinblueontheCD-ROM.Ifyoudonotknowthemeaningofthisword,lookitupinthedictionary:itwillhelpyoutounderstandthedefinitionthatyouareinterestedin,andwillprobablybeausefulwordtolearnbecauseitwillberelatedtotheoriginalwordyoulookedup.TheOxford3000dadvertisement(alsoad,advert)n.advicen.advisev.affairn.affectv.affectionn.affordv.afraidadj.afterprep.,conj.,adv.afternoonn.afterwards(especiallyBrE)(NAmEusuallyafterward)adv.againadv.againstprep.agen.agedadj.agencyn.agentn.aggressiveadj.agoadv.agreev.agreementn.aheadadv.aidn.,v.aimn.,v.airn.aircraftn.airportn.alarmn.,v.alarmingadj.alarmedadj.alcoholn.alcoholicadj.,n.aliveadj.alldet.,pron.,adv.allowv.allrightadj.,adv.,exclamationallyn.,v.alliedadj.almostadv.aloneadj.,adv.alongprep.,adv.alongsideprep.,adv.aloudadv.alphabetn.alphabeticaladj.alphabeticallyadv.alreadyadv.alsoadv.alterv.alternativen.,adj.alternativelyadv.althoughconj.altogetheradv.alwaysadv.a.m.(NAmEalsoA.M.)abbr.amazev.amazingadj.amazedadj.ambitionn.ambulancen.among(alsoamongst)prep.amountn.,v.amusev.amusingadj.amusedadj.a,anindefinitearticleabandonv.abandonedadj.abilityn.ableadj.unableadj.aboutadv.,prep.aboveprep.,adv.abroadadv.absencen.absentadj.absoluteadj.absolutelyadv.absorbv.abusen.,v.academicadj.accentn.acceptv.acceptableadj.unacceptableadj.accessn.accidentn.byaccidentaccidentaladj.accidentallyadv.accommodationn.accompanyv.accordingtoprep.accountn.,v.accurateadj.accuratelyadv.accusev.achievev.achievementn.acidn.acknowledgev.acquirev.acrossadv.,prep.actn.,v.actionn.takeactionactiveadj.activelyadv.activityn.actor,actressn.actualadj.actuallyadv.adiadvertisementadaptv.addv.additionn.inaddition(to)additionaladj.addressn.,v.adequateadj.adequatelyadv.adjustv.admirationn.admirev.admitv.adoptv.adultn.,adj.advancen.,v.advancedadj.inadvanceadvantagen.takeadvantageofadventuren.advertisev.advertisingn.ania,ananalyse(BrE)(NAmEanalyze)v.analysisn.ancientadj.andconj.angern.anglen.angryadj.angrilyadv.animaln.anklen.anniversaryn.announcev.annoyv.annoyingadj.annoyedadj.annualadj.annuallyadv.anotherdet.,pron.answern.,v.anti-prefixanticipatev.anxietyn.anxiousadj.anxiouslyadv.anyd