英国文学史复习资料、《英美文学史及作品选读》复习资料合并版

1英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorksI.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAgesBeowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1.UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）SomeexamplesonP52.UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的，广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③TheHouseofFame声誉之宫MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:21.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody①TheFaerieQueene仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③Amoretti爱情小唱2.ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists①Utopia乌托邦3.FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进②Essays随笔(famousquotas:Ofstudies)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.4.BenJonson①ComedyofHumours②Volpone,orthefox狐狸35.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestinaC.terzarimaD.blankverse①TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝③TheJewofMalta马耳他的犹太人6.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII②FourComedies:AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’SDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154TheSonnetsThreequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.IIIThe17thCentury1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）①Epics:ParadiseLost失乐园ParadiseRegained复乐园②Dramaticpoem:SamsonAgonistes力士参孙③Areopagitica论出版自由TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩④OnHisBlindness我的失明Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.2.JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)①ReligionaryAllegory:ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程3.JohnDonne4theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论①Meditations沉思录TheFlea虱子②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets③Valediction:ForbiddingMourningIVThe18thCentury：Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15than