被动语态在商务英语中的运用及翻译技巧_李金凤

。。。。。、。、。ESPEnglishforSpecificPurpose、、。、（一）由英语语言思维模式的特点所决定topicsentence。。、、、。、。。。（二）由商务英语的语篇特征所决定。generalEnglish。。“”。“”。、“”PolitenessPrinciple、、、、、。。、、、。Iyouwe、、、。IamrequestedbytheProcurementDepartmentofourcompanytoinformyouthatthestainlesssteelweorderedfromyourcompanyhasnotyetbeendelivered.AccordingtothesalescontracthoweverthesteelshouldhavebeendeliverednotlaterthanJune12thlastThursday.Willyoubesokindastoinstituteenquiresconcerningthisnon-deliveryasourconstructionworkisbeingseriouslydelayed我公司采购部委托我通知贵公司，我方从贵公司订购的不锈钢至今未见发货。而按照合同规定，贵公司最迟应于6月12日，即上周四发货完毕。由于我方施工工作已因此受到严重延误，恳请您过问一下此事为盼。、。、Systemic-functionalGrammarHallidayideationalmetafunction、interpersonalmetafunctiontextualmetafunction。（一）交际功能、、、、、。“”。、、。1.、。。、。Weregrettopointoutthatsomanygoodshavebeendamagedbeforetheyarrivedatourport.很遗憾，许多货物在到达我方港口之前就已经损毁了。。2.、、。。Breakageisaspecialriskforwhichanextrapremiumwillhavetobecharged.破损险是一种附加险，因此你方需承担额外的保费。ShipmentistobemadeinthreeequalmonthinstallmentsbeginningfromJune2007.装运从2007年6月份开始，分三批每月均装。。3.。。。Biddocumentsmustbereadyfordistributiontopotentialbidderassoonasanadvertisementannouncestheproject.Thereforebiddocumentsshouldbecompletedaheadofthepracticalbidding.招标文件必须在广告宣布项目之前准备好发给潜在的投标商，因此招标文件必须在实际招标之前完成。“biddocuments”。（二）语篇功能。。。Halliday--。、。。。1.1。。。WeencloseacopyofourInstructionsformforDispatchofGoods.Thisshouldbecompletedsignedandhandedin.我们随函附寄一份发货说明表，请填好后签字并寄回。Thiscompletedsignedandhandedin。2。。ThepensarepartofthebatchofsixhundredsuppliedtoourorderNo.45454.Thisorderwasplacedonthebasisofasamplepenleftbyyourrepresentative.Wehaveourselvescomparedtheperformanceofthissamplewiththatofanumberofthepenscomplainedaboutandthereislittledoubtthatmanyofthemarefaultysomeofthemleadandothersfailtowritewithoutmakingblots.这些笔是我们第45454号订单下产品的一部分，订单中的产品都是基于你方代表留下的样品而制作的。我方将样品笔和这些笔就功能进行了对比，因此我方确信有些笔漏水，其他的笔根本写不出字来，也不漏水。Thisorder45454onthebasisofasamplepenleftbyyourrepresentativeasamplepen。3。。。Enclosedareonesetoftheshippingdocumentcoveringthisconsignment.Thefirstisone-negotiablecopyofBL.Thesecondisthecommercialinvoiceinduplicate.Thelastaretwocopiesofcertificateofqualityandinsurancepolicy.随函附寄一套关于产品的装运单据。这些单据包括不可转让提单一份，商业发票一式两份，质量证明和保单各一份。“enclosed”“onesetoftheshippingdocumentcoveringthisconsignment”。2.1。。Astheexportgoodsaredifferentthepackingsarealsodifferent.Someofthegoodsarepackedintocartonssomearepackedintocardboardboxessomearepackedintowoodencasesandsomearepackedintocrates.根据出口货物种类不同，包装的方式也不同。有些产品包装在纸箱里，有些包装在纸板箱里，有些包装在木板箱里，有些包装在板条箱里。。“someofthegoods”“exportgoods”“cartonscardboardboxeswoodencasescrates”。。2。。WehavereceivedyourL/CNo.1564issuedbytheYemenBankforReconstruction&Developmentfortheamountof$13740covering16000dozenStretchNylonSocks.Onperusalwefoundthattransshipmentandpartialshipmentarenotallowed.我方已收到由也门建设和发展银行开出的关于16000对弹力尼龙袜子、金额为13，740美元的第1564号信用证。经过研读，我们发现不允许转船和分批装运。“We”“transshipmentandpartialshipmentarenotallowed”。3。。Wehavereceivedthesewingmachines.Unfortunatelymanyofthesewingmachinesareseverelydamagedbythesteamshipcompany.Thereforethecompanyshouldberesponsibleforallthelosswesuffered.我方已收到了缝纫机。遗憾的是很多缝纫机被船运公司损坏了，因此船运公司应该对我方遭受的损失负责。3②①②③。。、be+by。（一）有施动者的被动句“+be++by+”1.TheL/CNo.7546hasbeenissuedbytheHongKong&ShanghaiBankingCorporationHongKongfortheamountofUS$77000covering1000piecesofshearingmachines.2.TheconsignmentisbeingshippedbyS.S.JinanleavingShanghaiforAfricaon10June.（二）无施动者的被动句“+be+”1.Ourcorporationisestablishedfortheproposeofimportingandexportingaswellasotheractivitiesinconnectionwithforeigntrade.2.Thegoodsofyourorderarebeingmanufactured.（三）it作形式主语的被动句“it++that+”1.Itisunderstoodthataletterofcreditinourfavorcoveringtheabove-mentionedgoodswillbeestablishedimmediately.2.ItisherebyproclaimedthatonMarch12004MissChenLiwasappointedmanagerofPublicRelationsDepartment.（四）其他形式的被动表达1.SomethingneedsrequiredemanddoingTheroomsneedcleaning.2.somethingbeworthdoingThebookisworthreading.3.SomethingsellswashweighrecordThebookssellswell.、（一）将被动句译成汉语的主动句。1.ThecargoistobeinsuredwarehousetowarehouseagainstAllRisks.该货物按仓至仓条款投保一切险。“”。2.Theextrapremiumwillofcourseberefundedtoyouuponreceiptofyourdebitnote.一收到索款清单，我们当即偿还额外保险费。“”3.Theairwasfilledwiththescentoflilac。空气中弥漫着丁香花的芬芳。。4.Itisestimatedthattheturnoverofthesalesis20%higherthanthatofthelastyear.据估计，今年的销售额比去年增长20%。。Itisassertedthat…有人主张……Itisbelievedthat…有人认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…大家（一般人）认为……Itiswellknownthat…大家知道（众所周知）……Itwillbesaid…有人会说……Itwastoldthat…有人曾经说……（二）将被动句转译成汉语的判断句“…………”、、。1.Head-coverismadeoftwopieces.帽子是由两部分构成的。2.ThisproductwasproducedbyBeijingRedStarImp&ExpCo.Ltd.这种产品是由北京红星进出口有限公司生产的。（三）将英语被动句译成汉语的无主句A“mustcan+be+”“++”B。1Wrongsmustberightedwhentheyarediscovered.A.一旦发现了错误就一定要纠正。B．错误一经发现就一定要纠正。2TheshipmentmustbeeffectedinJune.A.必须在六月份完成装运。B.装运必须在六月份完成。3Themachinesmustbepackedinseaworthycasescapableofwithstandingrough!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!（上接第25页）。80、90、、、、。、。[1].[J].20076.[2].[J].200610.[3].[J].200410.[4].[J].20092.[5].[J].20098.[6].[J].200818.[7].“”[J].20087.handling.A.必须把机器装在适合海运、经得起野蛮装卸的箱子里。B.机器必须装在适合海运、经得起野蛮装卸的箱子里。（四）译成汉语的被动句“”“”“”“”。“、、、、、、”。