美国种族歧视与反种族歧视运动

Desegregation&Pro-segregationHistoricalReviewIn1963,KennedywhowasthepresidentofAmericatriedtoabolishracialsegregation.WhilethegovernorofAlabamaGeorgeWallanceobjectedtothispolicy.OnJune11th,GeorgeWallanceblockedtheschoolgateofAlabamauniversitytopreventtwoNegrosregistering.Hereadasymbolicdeclaration,inwhichheannouncedhewouldinsistonthesegregationineducationarea.ThenthepresidentKennedyorderedtheDefenseMinistertouseforcetomaketheuniversitycarryoutthecommand.Finally,Alabamauniversitycompromisedandgaveupthepolicyofsegregationatthatnight.BackgroundoRacialsegregationwidelyseparatedwidelyincludedsituationoDesegregationDesegregationwaslongafocusoftheAmericanCivilRightsMovement,bothbeforeandaftertheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt'sdecisioninBrownv.BoardofEducation,particularlydesegregationoftheschoolsystemsandthemilitary.Racialintegrationofsocietywasacloselyrelatedgoal.CriticalPersonBrifeIntroductionHewasanAmericanpoliticianandthe45thGovernorofAlabama,Wallacehasthethirdlongestgubernatorialtenureinpost-ConstitutionalU.S.history.AfterfourrunsforU.S.Presidentheearnedthetitlethemostinfluentialloserin20th-centuryU.S.politics.CriticalpersonHewasrememberedforhisSouthernpopulistandsegregationistattitudesduringthemid-20thcenturyperiodoftheAfrican-Americancivilrightsmovementandactivism,whichgainedpassageoffederalcivilrightslegislation（法律）inthemid-1960stoenforceconstitutional（本质的）rightsforallcitizens.Heeventuallyrenounced（宣布放弃)segregationistbutremainedapopulist（平民主义者）.politicalcareerIn1970s,hechangedhisattitudeandmadeapologytotheCivilRightMovement’ssupporter.In1972,hewasshoot.Hence,heusedawheelchairfortheremainderofhislife.Heheldthepostofgovernoragainin1982,heevensupportColoredworkingovernment.LittleRockCrisisoLittleRockNinewereagroupofAfricanAmericanstudentsenrolledinLittleRockCentralHighSchoolin1957.TheirenrollmentwasfollowedbytheLittleRockCrisis,inwhichthestudentswereinitiallypreventedfromenteringtheraciallysegregatedschoolbyOrvalFaubus,theGovernorofArkansas.TheythenattendedaftertheinterventionofPresidentDwightD.Eisenhower.ErnestGreen(oneofLittleRockCrisis)wasthefirstAfricanAmericantograduatefromCentralHighSchool.Thankyou!By:朱良菊董雯王春花钱敏娇程心英