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23:02:441《完形填空》试题分析与解题技巧四、《完形填空》解题的基本技巧和思路一、高考试题说明三、高考《完形填空》试题分析二、《完形填空》题型的设计特点和要素六、《完形填空》仿真训练五、《完形填空》相关词语辨别点拨一、高考试题说明《考试说明》第二部分:英语知识运用第二节:共20小题,每小题1分。在一篇200~250词的短文中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,是补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本部分所需时间约为25分钟(包括单项填空的时间)。《考试说明》二、《完形填空》题型的设计特点和要素《完形填空》是根据话题和上下文的关联,借助已知信息“重现文意的过程”。考查考生对语篇意义理解的连贯性和使用词语的准确性。“完形”须先“完意”,即在把握语篇的宏观结构、领会其主旨大意及各个段落大意的基础上,根据行文逻辑、句子结构和词语的含义,准确理解空白处的确切意义,以恢复语篇的完整。空白出的词语要么是相关语句信息的结合点,要么是句式结构连接点,要么是语篇衔接的纽带。这一点从答案的选项中可以看出。完形填空题正确地把握了以整体思维代替局部思维的阅读习惯,使信息综合与整合在阅读过程中的要求更有说服力,更具导向性。完形填空,首先要完其意才能完其形。三、高考《完形填空》试题分析完形填空选材设空情况与读速要求统计试卷文长设空阅读量参考给时读速要求最大间距最小间距平均距972732535418分19.7wpm27w4w9.46w98297253771820.923410.299274253571819.82439.800282253811821.124110.201265203551523.62549.402273203381522.633612.9完形填空选项涉及词类分布统计选项涉及词类199719981999200020012002动词形容词副词名词/代词介词连词合计13(52%)019112565291225842.57.5122584571025546.253.75012082450120单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出综合化语境化的因素越来越强单句与语篇的统一形势与内容的统一语言知识与语言技能的统一结论近年来,高考完形填空在朝着深层化及语境化方面挖掘,逐渐摒弃单纯的语法分析考查,这就增加了干扰项的迷惑性,因此只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示或限定,善于运用逻辑推理能力,才能准确作出判断。完形填空的材料虽是一篇从完整语篇中挖去数个词,造成间隔性的语意空白,来检测考生综合运用英语能力的短文,但其句子总是按照特定的逻辑关系,并借助一定的语法结构规则组合起来。词语之间、句子之间均体现整体性与连贯性的原则。在选题时要先通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、情节等等,同时对空格要填的词可作试探性猜测。二、《完形填空》解题的基本技巧和思路☆根据信息提示进行判断☆通过理解句意进行判断☆通过理解词义进行判断☆通过词的对应进行判断☆根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断☆根据信息提示进行判断语境是信息的依托,信息的贯穿是题型的设计特点,把握信息是解题的关键。例1Wedonotknowexactlywhenglass1,butthetimeissetbyhistorianbetweententhousandandthreethousandyearsB.C.Forthousandsofyearstheproductionofglasswas2difficultthatglassobjectswere3andwereconsideredtohavegreat4.1.AoncemadeBwasoncemadeCfirstmadeDwasfirstmade2.AveryBforCquiteDso3.ArareBtoomanyCsomanyDmuch4.AageBuseCvalueDhistoryDDAC【例2】Iwanttogiveyoujusttwopiecesofadvice,_____,thereisnoreasonwhyheshouldknowaboutyourdecision;____itwouldbebetterifyouactedbeforehefoundout.1.A.inthesecondplaceB.toconcludeC.neverthelessD.one(D)2.A.tobeginwithB.foronethingC.twoD.consequently(C)列举:叙述一系列相关事实、观点,常用数词或表示顺序的短语引出。补充:对前一个观点作进一步的阐述,常有besides,also,further,what'smore,too,notonly……butalso等词暗示。【例3】Thisfoodisverygoodanditisprobablysomethingthatpeoplewouldn'tgetathome,_____itisnotdifficulttocookanditisquicktoprepare.A.butB.besidesC.inthiswayD.however(B)让步:表示后一种观点或事实与前一种事实或观点相比较有些出乎意料。这类暗示词有though,although,inspiteof,whoever,whatever等。A.InspiteofthefactthatB.TobeginwithC.ThereforeD.What'smore(A)对比:两个事实或观点不同或相反,暗示词有but,oppositely,onthecontrary等。【例4】A.thereforeB.becauseC.althoughD.oppositely(D)结果:前边的事实能自然引出后边的结果,暗示词有so,thus,therefore,asaresult等。【例5】Hislegswerebadlyhurt,sohecouldn't_______others.A.thinkofB.hearfromC.catchupwithD.careabout(C)【例6】Heknownothingaboutthematterbecausehe_____themeeting.A.missedB.failedC.attendedD.heard(A)原因:表示所述情况为另一事实发生的起因,暗示语有for,because,becauseof,as,since等。【例7】Hethereforeloadedtheshipwithlitresofvinegar_____cleaningtheinsideoftheship.A.AsaresultofB.forthepurposeofC.inhonourofD.insearchof(B)目的:表示后者为前边行为的目的,暗示语有so,sothat,inorderthat,for(thepurposeof……)等。【例8】___1___thekettleofboilingwater,shemovedquietly__2__thedoor……MrsClerkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.(MET92)1A.PuttingdownB.LayingasideC.PickingupD.Takingaway(C)2A.towardsB.awayC.frombehindD.near(A)描述:通过前后的描述,可推测出另外一部分的意思【例9】Thechimpanzee(大猩猩)hasbeenlearninghowtoexchange___1__withpeople.Thescientistsareteachingher___2__language.Whenshewantstobepicked__3__,Washoepointsupwithonefinger.Sherubsherteethwithherfingerwhenshewantsto__4__herteeth.(NMET95)1A.actionsB.viewsC.messagesD.feelings2A.signB.humanC.spokenD.up3.A.outB.atC.onD.up4.A.examineB.useC.washD.pullThedogseemedto1hismushroom,andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomhadaverystrange2quitepleasanttaste.(MET)(1)A.refuseB.hateC.wantD.enjoy(2)A.besidesB.butC.andD.or1ofusareaskedtomake2decisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.Butallofusarecalledupondailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.(NMET96)(1)A.AllB.FewC.SomeD.None(2)A.quickB.wiseC.greatD.personal☆通过理解句意进行判断行文中的句意是上下贯穿的,正确的把握上下句意之间的联系,才能明确文章的行文逻辑,理解上下句意的呼应,以便能准确的选好答案。例例AlphaisthefirstletteroftheGreekAlphabetandomegaisthelast.Thephrase“alphaandomega”isoftenusedintheBibleandsomewheretomean1.…AstartandfinishBbeginningandstartC.birthanddeathDtrueandfalse☆通过理解词义进行判断例3…someonesaid,”Ifyouwouldhaveyourbusinessdone,go.Ifnot,send.”Inotherwords,ifyouwantajobwelldone,doit1;ifnot,2.1.AimmediatelyBtodayCyourselfDeconomically2.A.giveitawayBhaveitdoneCdoitbyothersDbesilent要善于在具体的语言环境中把握词汇的具体意义,通过理解词义进行判断才能准确的推断空格的答案。CA依据动词的时空性是有顺序性的【例4】1thekettleofboilingwater,shemovedtowardsthedoor,2thekettleand3thewateroverthehand.(MET92)1A.PuttingdownB.LayingasideC.PickingupD.Takingaway2A.droppedB.threwC.raisedD.filled3A.spreadB.droppedC.pouredD.coveredCCCThenshe(指大猩猩)climbedontothebox,graspedthepoleand_____downthefoodwiththepole.(NMET95)A.knockedB.pickedC.tookD.shook============================Inthestreetspeopleweremovingquicklyheadingtowardstheir____(NMET94)A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices☆通过词的对应进行判断行文中的有些句意是上下对应的,这往往也是题型设计的特点之一,因而把握好词义的对应,也是非常有利于解题的。例4OneancientGreekthinkersaidthattherewasonlyonegood,namely,knowledge;andonly1,namely,2.1.AbetterBbestCa
本文标题:完形填空试题分析与解题技巧
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