初中英语冠词讲解及专项练习题

1冠词的讲解一、概念：冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二、相关知识点精讲：1）不定冠词：a/ana用于辅音发音开头的词前，如：abook；an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：anapple,anhour.（区别：ausefulmachine,anumbrella.）用法：1.a/an用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”“一……”或者“一个”的意思.abookaboyamanabirdadoganhouraninterestingbookabigdogadangerousanimal2.表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。如：Thatisapen,notapencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）Givehimapear,please!请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个）Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.大象比马大。和one的区别：a/an表示类别，种类；One强调数量。abus表示是一辆公交车，而不是一辆小汽车，也不是火车。onebus强调是一辆车，而不是两辆或三辆。Thereisacatunderthechair.椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）Thereisonecatunderthechair.椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）23.用来指某人或某物，但有不具体说明是谁或是什么，如：AcomradefromShanghaiiscomingtogiveusatalkthisafternoon.一位来自上海的同志今天下午将给我们作报告。Mymotheronceworkedinaschool.我母亲曾在一所学校工作。4.表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：threetimesaday一天三次10yuanakilo十元每公斤sixclassaday一天六节课thirtymilesanhour每小时三十英里等。5.不定冠词a/an可用在一种职业，阶级或宗教的名称前。如：What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.你父亲是什么职业？他是名医生。MrBlackisnowaChristian.布莱克先生现在是名基督教徒。6.固定短语：onceuponatime从前takealook看一看catchacold感冒alittle一点点afew一点儿havearest休息2）定冠词：thethe表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。thebookinmybagtheboyunderthetreetheapplesinthebasketthehospitalnearmyhome可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。thebooksthebookthericethebreadthefootballtheoldmantheinterestingbooktheteachersthewomen用法：31）定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。2）再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tomhasanapple.Theappleisbigandred.汤姆有个苹果。那个苹果又大又红。Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother.树下有个男孩。那个男孩是我哥哥。3）指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Openthedoor，please!请打开门。4）用于某些固定词组中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。5）用在形容词前表示一类人。theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富裕的人thepoor_________thedeaf__________theblind____________6）用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：TheWhitesarespendingtheirholidayinEngland.怀特一家人现正在英国度假。TheGreenscametoChinatwoyearsago.格林夫妇两年前来到中国。7）用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城theSummerPlace颐和园theUnitedStates美国theOctoberRevolution十月革命theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy中国人民解放军theLongMarch长征48）用在序数词或形容词最高级前。ThefirstthingIwanttosayistolistencarefullyinclass.我最想说的是在课堂上认真听讲。Heisthetallestoneinourclass.他是我们班最高的。9）世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）theglobe太阳系theuniverse宇宙theatmosphere大气层Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesroundthesun.10）用在世纪，年代名词前。inthe1980s/inthe1980’s20世纪80年代inthenineteenthcentury二十世纪11）用在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前。theChangjiangRiver长江theWestLake西湖thePacificOcean太平洋12）用在表示方位的词前。Thesunrisesintheeast,andsetsinthewest.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下JiangxiliesinthesouthofChina.江西位于中国的南方。13）用在乐器名称前。Heoftenplaysthepianoatfiveintheafternoon.他常在下午五点弹钢琴。Canyouplaytheviolin?你会拉小提琴吗？14）固定短语。inthemorning在早上thedayaftertomorrow后天thenextday第二天bytheway顺便零冠词：指不使用冠词的情况：用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词Thedeskismadeofwood.Whatiswork?Workisstruggle52）在专有名词前。EnglandChinaMaryLileiMr.Green3）在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前。Wehavefourseasons—spring,summer,autumnandwinter.一年有春夏秋冬四个季节。WeoftengotoseeafilmonSunday.我们经常周日去看电影。TomorrowisNationalDay.明天是国庆节。4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时。(this,my,that,those,these,her)thismorningmypenyourwatchwhosebike5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前。havebreakfastplaychessplaybasketball(注意：在乐器前必须加定冠词，如：弹钢琴playthepianoplaytheviolin)6）固定短语。bybus乘坐公共汽车afterschool放学后inbed卧床atfirst首先atnoon在中午onfoot步行冠词练习()1.Iread______story.Itis______interestingstory.A.a,anB.a,aC.the,theD./,an()2.Britainis__EuropeancountryandChinais___Asiancountry.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a()3.______Chinais_____oldcountrywith_____longhistory.A.The,an,aB.The,a,aC./,an,theD./,an,a()4._____elephantisbiggerthan______horse.6A./,/B.an,aC.An,aD./,the()5.Wealwayshave____ricefor______lunch.A./,/B.the,/C./,aD.the,the()6.Ittookme______hourand_____halftofinish______work.A.a,a,aB.an,a,aC.an,a,theD.an,a,/()7.______doctortoldmetotake______medicinethreetimes______day,stayin_____bed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/()8.Thereis____pictureon____wall.Ilike____pictureverymuch.A.a,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,a,aD.a,an,the()9.Januaryis_____firstmonthoftheyear.A.aB./C.anD.the()10.Shut_____door,please.A.aB.anC.theD./()11.Einsteinwon_____NobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.A.aB.anC.theD./()12.What____finedayitistoday!Let'sgototheSummerPalace.A.aB.anC.theD./7()13.Ilikemusic,butIdon'tlike____musicofthatTVplay.A.aB.anC.theD./()14.____girloverthereis____Englishteacher.A.The,anB.A,/C.The,/D.A,a()15.It's____excitingwaytoshopontheNet.A.aB.anC.theD./()16.Shewas___founderof___orderofnunscalledtheMissionariesofCharity.A.a,anB.a,/C.the,/D.the,an()17.Xi'anis___oldcitywith___longhistory,isn'tit?A.a,anB.an,aC.the,theD.the,a()18.Nancy'ssisteris____Englishteacher,isn'tshe?A.aB.anC.theD./()19.Chaffsis______boy,buthecanplaytheguitarverywell.A.aneight-yearsoldB.aeight-year-oldC.aeight-years-oldD.aneight-year-old()20.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_____basketball.A.aB.anC.theD./()21.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin_______westpartofourcountry______nextyear.A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.the,/()22.Weworkfivedays______week.8A.aB.anC.theD./()23.—Inwhichclassis_____boyinwhite?—He’sinclass4.A.theB.aC.an