高考过去分词指导.ppt

Thepastparticiple过去分词非谓语动词--过去分词过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。一、过去分词的基本特征：表示被动、完成或状态。二、过去分词的用法过去分词的语法作用：作表语1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉,所处的状态以及和连系动词一起表示被动语态（动词应是及物动词）。Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.过去分词的语法作用：作表语区别:1.Theglassisbrokennow.2Theglasswasbrokenbymydaughteryesterday.1.中broken是形容词表示主语的状态：杯子是破的。2.中broken是过去分词表示被动语态：强调的是动作。过去分词的语法作用：作定语Thepeoplerushedintothebuilding.=Thepeoplewhowereexcitedrushedintothebuilding.(In_________placeslikeairportsandrailwaystations，youmusttakecareofyourluggage.Weneedmoreteachers.=Weneedmoreteacherswhoarequalified.excitedqualified单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。crowded过去分词的语法作用：作定语过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。TheinformationontheInternetisfreeofcharge.Thesuggestionexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.Therehavebeenseveralneweventstotheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.madebytheforeignexpertaddedprovided过去分词的语法作用：作定语Thegirlcutbyaknifeonherfaceyesterdayisreceivingatreatment.Thegirlbyaknifeonherfaceyesterdayisreceivingatreatment.Theproblembysomescholarsyesterdayisveryimportant.Theproblemthatwasdiscussedbysomescholarsyesterdayisveryimportant.whowascutdiscussed过去分词的语法作用：作定语像非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开一样，过去分词也有非限定形式---用逗号隔开。Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyXiaoHong,tellsthestoryofmodernAmericans.Thebook,,tellsthestoryofmodernAmericans.writtenbyXiaoHong过去分词的语法作用：作定语Thebooks,,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。Themeeting,byonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。writtenbyLuXunattended过去分词的语法作用：作状语过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看时，这个城市就像一个大花园。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thestarismoving.＝Whenthestariswatchedcarefully,itismoving.,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。WatchedcarefullyAcceptedbytheParty过去分词的语法作用：作状语②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动(move)了，停止了争吵。,theteenagersmakeuptheirmindstopractisespeakingEnglishwheneverandwherever.受到了演讲的鼓舞(encourage)，青少年们决定不管在何时何地都要练习讲英语。过去分词的语法作用：作状语DeeplymovedbythestoryEncouragedbythespeech过去分词的语法作用：作状语③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。Weallknowthat,_____________________,thesituationwillgetworse.__________,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。ifnotcarefullydealtwithIfheated,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。过去分词的语法作用：作状语GivenanotherchanceComparedwithyourbrother④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Nomatterhowfrequently,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。过去分词的语法作用：作状语Laughedatbymanypeopleperformed⑤表方式或伴随情况。Theoldmanwentintotheroom,.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。过去分词的语法作用：作状语supportedbyhiswifeSeatedatthetable过去分词的语法作用：作状语注意：有时候我们可以在过去分词前面加上连词，意思和不加连词一样。Becausehewasbornandbredinthevillage,heisconfusedbythebigcity.＝inthevillage,heisconfusedbythebigcity.＝inthevillage,heisconfusedbythebigcity.BecausebornandbredBornandbred过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语充当宾语补足语的过去分词,往往与句子的宾语存在一种逻辑上的“动宾关系”.下列几种动词,通常可以后接动词的过去分词作宾语补足语：1.感官动词see,notice,watch,hear,feel,find等.Whenyoulookaroundatbuildings,streets,squaresandparks,youwillfindthem_________,_________and________indifferentstyles.InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.chaseddesignedplannedbuilt过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语Tomsawabird_________intheforestthismorningIheardthedoor_______withabang.Youwillseethisproduct___________whereveryougo.Enteringtheroom,theladyfoundherwatch_____.advertisedshutkilledgone过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语2.使役动词如get,have,make,leave,keep等。Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty＿＿＿＿＿＿inartandarchitecture.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself＿＿＿abovethesoundofthemusic.You’dbetterhaveyourhouse＿＿＿expressedheardrebuilt.过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语---Didhefixthecomputerhimself?---Hehadit_____,becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem＿＿＿inhislectures.Couldyoudomeafavourtogetthisletter＿＿＿?fixedinterestedposted过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语HegothisfirstbookItturnedouttobeabestseller.StudentshopesthattheirEnglishteacherwillsuggestagoodwaytohavetheirwrittenEnglishinashorttime.Besuretokeepthedoorbeforeyougoout.published.improvedlocked过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehaditoftenenough.LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)issaidtohavebirdsincagesinordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree.Itisnotsociallyacceptableforparentstoleavechildrenatthattime.explainedkeptunattended过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语Whenwillyougotothehospitaland?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeaklouderto.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。haveyourtoothexaminedmakeyourselfheard过去分词的语法作用：作宾语补足语3.在表示希望和要求的动词(如wish,want,like,order等后,常使用动词的过去分词作宾补。Theywantedtheirbuildings.inawaytolookunusual.Iwishthejob(tobe)beforeFriday.constructedfinished当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补足语。如：Sb.foundherbagwhenshewokeup.Herbagwasfoundwhenshewokeup.