Phonics-teaching

NicoleFeng--ForteachersJuly2012Let’sgetstarted!First,ForgetaboutIPA（音标）TeachingobjectivesUnderstandwhatisphonicsUnderstandwhyphonicsteachingisimportantintheprimaryschoolKnowhowtocarryoutphonicsteachingintheprimaryEnglishclassWhat’sPhonics?Phonics的中文翻译自然拼音法英语读音法英语直拼法英语拼音法What’sphonics?Phonicsreferstoinstructioninthesound-letterrelationshipusedinreadingandwriting.Itinvolves:anunderstandingofthealphabetprinciple.knowledgeofthesoundsassociatedwithaparticularletterorcombinationofletters.Example:backChildrenneedtobuildastrongfoundationinhowwordscanbemanipulated(takenapartandputbacktogether)inordertobesuccessfulatphonics.What’sPhonics?Phonics最早是一种教英语本族语的儿童识字、拼写和阅读的方法。Phonics的核心是建立英语字母或字母组合(letterorletterpattern)与语音(sound)之间的对应关系。Phonics是兼具教发音、拼写及阅读的功能英语教学法。WhyusePhonics？50%ofEnglishwordscanbespelledwithphonicsrulesthatrelateonelettertoonesound37%ofwordscanbespelledwithphonicsrulesthatrelategroupsofletterstoonesound13%wordsmustbelearnedbymemorization在掌握了phonics后，孩子的认字能力会大大提高，能够无需音标、无需死记、见词能读、听音能写，进行自由阅读。Phonics教学的最终目标Reading听音写词见词读音见字母读音Phonics教学现状：Phonics教学法是目前广泛使用在英美基础教育阶段语言教学的一种教学方法。也是英美出版界广泛应用于儿童阅读材料设计的一种方法，有上百年历史。目前国内的中小学教育领域涉及甚少。自然拼音法VS国际音标法没有矛盾比国际音标更加简单易学更适合英文认读入门的孩子。音标入手，困难多多Ø容易混淆搞混音标和字母Ø容易遗忘音标学习后，难于找到音标与字母的相应关系Ø产生依赖没有音标就不会读略有难度的单词，读课文时遇到新单词就想马上查字典，确定它的音标。自然拼音法VS国际音标法自然拼音，轻松快乐让小朋友看到字母组合就会立即产生如何发音的直觉；反之，听到任何发音，也能立即反映出单词的拼写；使孩子们牢固掌握字母和字母组合发音，形成清晰的音韵意识（phoneticawareness）,会拼读一个音就会写一组单词,并且会运用该法则去认读新的单词，进行准确的拼读。自然拼音法VS国际音标法不足？需要花一定时间去认识、记忆，一旦熟悉规则，会让你得心应手说英文；不是一把万能钥匙，虽能用来拼读80%左右的英文单词，但有不少不符合自然拼音规律；Phonics教学，对没有学习过的单词，可以按照字母组合的规律拼读出其发音，却不能知晓单词的具体含意。TermsforPhonicsTeachingphonemePhonemicawarenessSyllableConsonantConsonantdigraphConsonantblendVowelDiphthongR-controlledwordsOnsetRimeGraphemeTermstoknowPhoneme(音素)——isthesmallestunitofsoundthatyoucanhearinaword.cat/c/--/a/--/t/Goodhas3phonemesbut4letters.Phonemicawareness---theabilitytomanipulatesoundsinwordsSyllable--Unitsofsoundthatcontainavowelandmaybeprecededorfollowedbyoneormoreconsonants.Puthasonesyllable,Alicehas2syllables.Computerhas3syllables.Termstoknow(cont.)Consonantaletterthatisnotavowel.TheconsonantsinEnglishareb,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,&y(ycanbeaconsonant(yes)oravowel(my,Danny)ConsonantdigraphTwoconsonantsthatformasinglesounddifferentfromthatofeitherletters.Examples:sh,ch,th,phinship,chickenConsonantblendTwoormoreconsonantsinwhichyoucanhearbothsoundsblended.Examples:sq,sc,stinsquare,scrub,stopTermstoknowVowel['vauəl]Lettersthatarenotconsonants:a,e,i,o,u,andsometimesy.DiphthongTwo(vowel)lettersthattogetherproduceaglidingsound,oi,oy,ou,ow.Examplesofwordswithdiphthongs:boil,boy,cloud,how.R-controlledwordsvowelsinwhichthevowelsoundisaffectedbytherasincar,her,girl,working,&urgent.(notedifferencebetweencarandcare)Onsets/rimesonsetstheconsonant(s)beforethevowel(s)inasyllablemindstreetrimes(thefirstvowelinasyllableandwhateverfollows)wordcanitandNotallsyllableshaveanonset.37mostcommonrimesfor500highfrequencywords-ack-ail-ain-ake-ale-ame-an-ank-ap-ash-at-ate-aw-ay-eat-ell-est-ice-ick-ide-ight-ill-in-ine-ing-ink-ip-it-ock-oke-op-ore-ot-uck-ug-ump-unkTermstoknowGrapheme:(音图)—isthewrittenrepresentationofasound.ItcanbeoneletterormorethanoneletterOneletter:catMorethanoneletter:ship,ring,highGraphemecombination（音图组合）:WordPatternorChunks:catmatpatConsonantBlends:blackblogbluePhonicsPrimer（USA)---byTheNationalRighttoReadFoundationThe44SoundsintheEnglishLanguage5Short-VowelSounds18ConsonantSounds7Digraphsshort/ă/inapple;short/ĕ/inelephant;short/ĭ/inigloo;short/ŏ/inoctopus;short/ǔ/inumbrella/b/inbat/k/incatandkite/d/indog/f/infan/g/ingoat/h/inhat/j/injam/l/inlip/m/inmap/n/innest/p/inpig/r/inrat/s/insun/t/intop/v/invan/w/inwig/y/inyell/z/inzip/ch/inchin/sh/inshipunvoiced/th/inthinvoiced/th/inthis/w/inwhip*/ng/insing/nk/insink6Long-VowelSounds3r-ControlledVowelSoundsDiphthongsandOtherSpecialSoundslong/ā/incakelong/ē/infeetlong/ī/inpielong/ō/inboatlong/ū/(yoo)inmulelong/ōō/inflew/ur/infern,bird,andhurt/ar/inpark/or/infork/oi/inoilandboy/ow/inowlandouchshort/ŏŏ/incookandpull/aw/injawandhaul/ion/intelevisionAlphabetGrapheme（音图）1.shortvowel(AEIOU)2.longvowel(AEIOU)3.consonantblends(辅音组合）4.R-controlledvowel5.vowel“Y”6.Diphthong（双元音）：oi,oy,ou,ow7.Digraph（二合字母）：al,au,aw,oo,sh8.silentletterWhattoteachinPhonics?Part1lettersofthealphabetandlettersounds26个字母的名称音和读音NameofLetters——字母的名称音SoundofLetters——字母的读音AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZzAHJKBCDEGPTVZIY0QUWFLMNSXR4antlacklapactmateggbegjetelfbedilldipkicksithitbitonlothotfogpotMustbutuppubjugWhyaretheyshort?Eachwordhasonlyonevowel2aptaagenetebiidipotopogunumutAfatcatsatonahat.Apethensleptinabed.Sillylilysitsonawig.Thedoghopsonthelog.It’sfuntojumponthegun.ShortsoundofAEIOU81.MagicELongvowel:AEIOU（nameofletterAEIOU)1.MagicE_a_e_e_e_i_e_o_e_u_etapelakecakedatemetefemeeveekekitedivebitetidehomecodedovenotetubecubecutefume2.ai,ay,ea,ee,ie,ighoa,oe,ow,ui,ewaiayeaeeieighoaOeowuiu