小型构造物标准化施工工艺工法

小型构造物标准化施工工艺工法     编制单位：湖北省交通投资有限公司高速公路建设总指挥部湖北交投麻城至武穴高速公路建设指挥部四川公路桥梁建设集团有限公司（麻武穴高速土建二标项目部）二〇一四年九月  目录 一、总则························································································1 1.1目的及意义·························································································11.2编制依据····························································································11.3一般规定····························································································1二、施工前准备················································································3 2.1施工人员准备······················································································32.2施工技术准备······················································································32.3施工设备准备······················································································32.4施工材料准备······················································································32.5模板·································································································32.6施工现场····························································································4三、小型构造物施工工艺······································································5 3.1钢筋混凝土盖板涵················································································53.1.1钢筋混凝土盖板涵施工工艺流程······························································53.1.2操作要点·····························································································53.2圆管涵····························································································133.2.1圆管涵施工工艺流程·············································································133.2.2操作要点····························································································133.3倒虹吸····························································································163.3.1倒虹吸施工工艺流程·············································································163.3.2操作要点····························································································163.4钢波纹管涵·······················································································193.4.1钢波纹管涵施工工艺流程·······································································193.4.2操作要点····························································································19四、小型构造物混凝土的养护······························································24 五、质量通病的分析和防治·································································25 5.1病害产生的原因分析···········································································255.2病害防治措施····················································································26六、小型构造物的施工安全要点····························································28 七、档案管理及内业资料····································································29   1第一章 总则 1.1目的及意义小型构造物在公路工程中占较大比例，是公路工程中的重要组成部分之一，主要表现在工程数量和工程造价上。据有关资料介绍：小型构造物工程数量约占桥涵总数的60%～70%，平原地区，每公里约有1～3座；山岭重丘区，每公里平均约有4～6座。小型构造物工程造价约占到桥涵总额的40%左右，作为公路建设中的支柱，公路桥梁和小型构造物建设在公路特别是高速公路建设中必将发挥更加突出明显的作用。因此，在小型构造物的建设方面应继续投入更多的技术关注，尤其注重小型构造物的施工工艺，以提高小型构造物质量保证和环境保护，以适应公路建设的需要。1.2编制依据1.《公路桥涵施工技术规范》JTG/TF50-20112.《公路工程质量检验评定标准》JTGF80/1-20043.湖北省高速公路建设标准化指南4.高速公路两阶段施工图设计文件5.湖北交投麻城至武穴高速公路标准化建设实施细则6.湖北交投及麻武高速公路指挥部相关文件1.3一般规定1.施工前要进行设计图纸审核和技术交底，并根据设计图纸对构造物高程（特别是进、出口）、轴线坐标及施工现场情况进行复核，小型构造物进出口位置和高程须与现场实际情况认真核实，如发现其与当地地形、道路、水系不相符时，要及时书面上报监理工程师及建设单位处理。2.施工前应根据现场情况、设计要求、合同条件等编制《通道小型构造物实施性专项施工方案》，明确施工机械、设备、材料、配合比设计作业人员配置、工程量划分和施工工艺、质量、安全环水保管控措施，经监理工程师审批后，方可组织施工。3.施工前应按标准化建设的要求进行工程驻地、工地试验室、钢筋加工场及混凝土拌合站的建设，并经监理工程师或相关行政主管部门验收合格后方可 2投入使用。4.除设置在岩石地基上的小型构造物外，其洞身及基础应根据地基承载力的情况，按设计要求及现场实际设置沉降缝，且沉降缝处的两端面应竖直、平整，上下不得交错。填缝料应具有弹性和不透水性，并应填塞紧密。圆管涵的沉降缝应设在管节接缝处，预制盖板涵的沉降缝应设在盖板的接缝处，沉降缝应贯穿整个墙身断面；波形钢管涵可不设沉降缝。小型构造物进出水口的沟床应整理顺直，与上下游导流、排水设施的连接应圆顺、稳固，并应保证流水顺畅。5.所有原材料必须抽样进行试验，应符合以下要求：（1）水泥应符合《通用硅酸盐水泥》GB175-2007规定；（2）钢筋应符合《钢筋混凝土用钢.第1部分：热扎光圆钢筋》（GB1499.1）、《钢筋混凝土用钢.第2部分：热扎带肋钢筋》（GB1499.2）、《钢筋混凝土用余热处理钢筋》（GB13788）；（3）砂、碎石应符合《公路桥涵施工技术规范》JTG/TF50-2011规定；（4）外加剂应与水泥、矿物掺合料之间有良好的相容性，其质量应符合国家标准《混凝土外加剂》GB8076规定；（5）水应符合《混凝土用水》JGJ63-2006规定。6.混凝土配合比设计应以质量比表示，并应通过计算和试配选定。试配时应使用施工实际采用的材料，配制的混凝土拌和物应满足和易性、凝结时间等施工技术条件，夏季混凝土要优先采用缓凝型高效减水剂，冬季混凝土要优先采用早强型（防冻型）高效减水剂，其混凝土拌和物入模坍落度在夏季应控制在靠近设计上限140mm左右;冬季应控制在靠近设计下限120mm左右；制成的混凝土应满足强度、耐久性（抗冻、抗渗、抗侵蚀）等质量要求，并加强现场混凝土拌和物的检查，严禁现场因坍落度偏小随意加水。7.小型构造物施工完成后，砌体砂浆或混凝土强度达到设计强度的85%时，方可进行小型构造物两侧的回填，填筑应在两侧同时对称、均衡地分层进行。施工期间小型构造物顶部禁止大型施工车辆通行，小型构造物顶部的填土厚度必须大于0.5m后方可通行车辆和筑路机械。  3第二章 施工前准备 2.1施工人员准备根据同期施工的构造物数量和规模，合理配备各施工作业队人员。建议按每3～4道小构（其中通道2道）设置一个小构施工队，每个小构施工队配备技术工人15～20人，每个小构施工队确保具备同时开工两道小型构造物的施工能力。2.2施工技术准备根据施工图纸会审、设计交底和现场实地调查结果，绘制构造物定位及施工详图，编制专项施工方案，并完成三级技术及安全交底工作，留存交底影像资料，交底完成后对人员进行交底考核,使所有作业人员都明确每道工序的操作要点和工艺流程。2.3施工设备准备施工设备进行检修、保养和调试，运转正常后，按施工组织进度计划依次进入施工现场，进场设备包括拌和站、混凝土罐车、混凝土泵车、挖掘机、运输车、吊车、推土机、压路机、钢筋数控加工设备、钢模板、试验、测量及影像设备等。试验设备、测量仪器必须经计量机构标定检验后方可使用。2.4施工材料准备经监理工程师抽检合格的材料应分类、分规格进入不同的料仓堆放，对检验不合格的材料应立即清除出场；圆管涵、倒虹吸所用的管材、管道附件、构(配)件和主要原材料等产品进入施工现场时，对进场的管节成品，有条件或设计有要求的可以随机抽检管节进行破坏性试验，并检查每批产品的订