独立主格结构讲解

2.独立主格结构中的being和havingbeen常省略1）。Thefootballmatch(being)over,crowdsofpeoplepouredoutintothestreet.2).Nobody(being)in,Ididn’tenterthehall.3).Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.4).Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.注意：1.)当独立主格中的beingdone表示“正在被做时”，being此时不可省。Foodbeingcooked,Ifellasleep.2).当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时，being常不省。Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.Therebeingnotimeleft,wehadtospeedup.大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”来代替。1）。Helaytherethinking,hishandsbehindhishead.(=withhishandsbehindhishead)非谓语动词的独立主格结构：“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）Lotsofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayathome.动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构：如动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要用动词-ing形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做时间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）1）。表时间Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.2).表方式或伴随Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.表原因Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.=Astheguideledtheway,……表条件：Weatherpermitting,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachnow.(=Ifweatherpermits…)Suchbeingthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.(=Ifsuchisthecase…)动词-ed形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词-ed形式构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）1）表时间Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.=Thetaskhavingbeencompleted…=Afterthetaskwascompleted,…2).表方式或伴随Whenintrouble,Tomwouldsitalone,headbent.3)。表原因Thousandsofeyesfixeduponher,Maryfeltonedge.=Asthousandsofeyeswerefixeduponher,….4).表条件Moretimeandmoneygiven,wecanfinishtheworkinadvance.(=Ifmoretimeandmoneyaregiven,……)注意：1.不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生2.动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或状态3.动词-ed形式表示已经完成和被动的行为1.Somanywindowstoclean,Ihadtodevotethewholeafternoon.将要2.Allthewindowscleaned,Ihadagoodrest.完成、被动3.Thequestionbeingdiscussed,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.进行1.Whilewalkingontheplayground,_____.A.aballhitmeB.myheadwashitbyaballC.IwashitbyaballD.hewasbadlywounded2._____,hewentouttoplaybasketball.A.TheexercisedoneB.ontheexercisesC.HavingbeendonetheexercisesD.Theexerciseshavingfinished3._______,therewardwasgiventohim.•BeinghonestB.AsanhonestboyC.HebeinghonestD.Hewashonest4.__________nobus,wehadtogohomebybus.•BeingB.TherebeingC.Therewas5_____fine,wewentoutforapicnic.A.BeingB.ItbeingC.Itwas1如果天气许可,我们就去参观长城2他开着窗睡着了3所有的书都卖光了,他们只好回家4房子里有两个房间,小的那个当书房5昨天晚上那里起火了,有几个人丧生,大多数逃离了火海1.Weatherpermitting,we’llgotovisittheGreatWall2Hefellasleepwiththewindowopen3Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,hehadtogohome4Therearetworoomsinthehouse,thesmallerofthemservingasastudyroom5Afirebrokeoutlastnight,afewmenkilled,mostbeingabletoescapefromthefire独立主格结构：形式：n\pron+其他成分（dong\done\todo\n.\adj.\adv\介词短语）在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、或伴随等情况。1.ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.2.Thesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.3.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwithcold.4.Hesatinthechair,bookinhandandpipeinmouth.5.Ireceivedmanygifts,manyofthembooks.原因时间伴随伴随N\pron+doing/todo/done___________________,heislikedbyeveryone.___________________(因为他很诚实),welikehim._____________________,Ihadtodevotethewholeafternoon.(有这么多窗户要擦)____________________,Ihadagoodrest.(所有的窗子都擦完了)_______________________,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.(正讨论这个问题时)BeinghonestHebeinghonestSomanywindowstocleanAllthewindowscleanedThequestionbeingdiscussed