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请准备好你的笔记本、双色笔,极度的学习激情!温馨提示Theworldbelongstotheenergetic.世界属于充满活力的人。GrammarRevision英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)句子成分详解句子成分意义充当词类例句主语谓语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子WestudyinYuantanMiddleSchool.说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.用来修饰名词或代词形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或句子Wehavesevenlessonseveryday.修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句子[zxxk学科网]Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.基本句型一S+V(主+谓)特点:句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。SV(不及物动词)Time(fly)Class(begin)Theman(notsmoke)Weall(laugh)Everybody(arrive)I(cry)Thesun(rise)fliesbeginsdoesn’tsmokelaughedhasarrivedamcryingrises巩固练习:1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.基本句型二S+V+O(主+谓+宾)特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。SV(实义动词)O1.Who2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Tom(know)(laughat)(understand)(make)(eat)(like)theanswer?herfriend.English.cakes.someapples.eggs.knowslaughedatunderstandsmadeatelikes巩固练习:1.昨晚我写了一封信。2.这本书他读过多次了。3.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Iwrotealetterlastnight.基本句型三(主+谓+间宾+直宾)特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。SV(及物)O间宾(人)O直宾(物)1.He2.She3.She4.He5.I(pass)(cook)(bring)(buy)(tell)herhimmeyouheradress.ameal.awatch.abook.nothing.passedcookedbroughtboughttold巩固练习:1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?Mr.JohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?基本句型四S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What(keep)(paint)(call)(find)(make)thetablethedoorhimthehousehimclean.green.Bob.dirty.sad?keeppaintedcallfoundmakes巩固练习:1.我们叫她Alice.2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。WecallherAlice.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.基本句型五主语+系动词+表语(S+Link.V+P),说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。SV(系动词)PThis(be)adictionaryThedinner(smell)delicious.He(feel)happy.Everything(look)different.Thetwins(be)tallThebook(be)interesting.Theweather(become)warmer.Hisface(turn)redissmellsfeelslooksareisbecomesturned归纳系动词状态:seem,appear,prove感官:smell,feel,taste,sound,look变化:become,get,turn,go,come,grow,fall持续:remain,stay,keep,continue1.他失业了。2.树叶已经变黄了3.这个报告听起来很有意思Heisoutofwork.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting巩固练习:1.Plantsneedwater.2.Theflowerissofresh.3.Thesunrisesintheeast.4.Hegivesmesomeflowers.5.Weshouldkeeptheroomclean.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓7.Herfatherlooksyoung.8.SheteachesusEnglish.9.Thechildrenarejumpingandlaughinghappily.10.Ourteacheraskedustotalkaboutthequestionsinpairs.11.Heoftentellsmesomeinterestingstories.12.Thestudentsmustkeeptheireyesclosed.主+系+表主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补英语基本句型六Therebe句型说明:此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be之后,there仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如:Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were…将来有therewillbe…;thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…巩固练习1.公园里有很多树。2.我们班有50名学生。Therearemanytreesinthepark.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.
本文标题:分析句子成分与英语五种基本句型
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