选七 Unit 4 定语从句复习[课件]

定语从句复习定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhomThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：AllthatIwantisyouradviceI’veforgotteneverythingthathetoldmethatday.Thereisnotmuchthatcanbedone.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.关系代词that和which的区别1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词first,last,any,,all,few,much,no,little,every等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthefunniestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThemostbeautifulplacethatIhaveeverbeentoisJiuzhaigou.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavemet.Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。•(4)如果先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.例如：It’stheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.ThisistheverypenthatIhavebeenlookingfor.AmericanaudienceswillseethesamemoviethatwasshowninAsia.5.如果先行词被any,all,few,much,no,little,every等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。例如：•Allthethingsthatyoutoldmearelies.6.当主句是以which,who,what开头的特殊问句时,关系代词常用that,不用which.例如：Whoisthegirl(thatis)sittingbythelake?Whichofthebooks(thatare)onthetablebelongtoyou?2.宜用which不用that引导的定语从句(1)当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.3.as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可指代整个主句。as一般放在句首，which在句中或句末Asweknow/Asisknowntousall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesungivesofflightandheat,whichisknowntousall.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it4.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用as引导定语从句Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetold.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词,如果及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillagethatheoftentalksabout.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.I'llneverforgetthedaysthatIspenttogetherwithyou.1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.判断改错方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为表语，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词that，所以应选D而句2中，从句部分不缺主语或宾语，而缺状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，也可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)Hemadeapromisethathewouldbuymeanipad2.同为语从句(2)Thepromise（that）hemadehasn’tbeencarriedoutyet.定语从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustresignedistrue.(3)Theproblem(that)wearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的主系表结构的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Thesuggestionthatweshouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Thesuggestionisthatweshouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.Exercises1.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,________mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis_______watch________Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__________didn’thelp.A.whichB.itC.sheD.he8.________isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Isthistheonlyreason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatheexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.whyheexplainedD.whichheexplainedHomeworkSummarizetheruleso