2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)真题和答案详解

 第 1 页 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesoundingyes!1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat'susually14withstress,notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalledthebondinghormone18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.1．[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout2．[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior3．[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host4．[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep5．[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting6．[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on7．[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted8．[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out9．[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined10．[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained11．[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus12．[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors13．[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased 第 2 页 14．[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared15．[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record16．[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof17．[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return18．[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until19．[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases20．[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influencesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons---bothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetag 第 3 页 hasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.[B]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.[C]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.22.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.[D]Frequentunex