NoSQL数据库技术(格式没得问题的)

武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）摘要随着互联网Web2.0技术的发展和数据量的快速增长，如何高效地存储、处理和提取海量数据成为一个亟待解决的问题，NoSQL数据库在这种背景下应运而生。NoSQL是对不同于传统的关系型数据库的数据库管理系统的统称，它是为满足日益增长的互联网应用需求而产生的数据管理技术。当传统的关系型数据库面临“存储和管理大数据”、“高可用性”和“高伸缩性”等各种压力和挑战下，NoSQL技术成为数据库的热门研究领域，正受到越来越多的关注，并取得了一定的研究成果。NoSQL数据库打破了传统的关系模型，以一种模式自由的方式存储数据，而不依赖固定的表结构，克服了传统关系型数据库的缺点，性能优势十分显著。NoSQL数据库可部署在廉价的硬件之上，支持分布式存储，能透明地扩展节点，具有强大的可用性，运营成本低，易维护。本文首先介绍了NoSQL数据库的概念和相关理论，分析了NoSQL数据库几种主要的数据模型，并将NoSQL数据库与传统的关系型数据库在数据模式、可扩展性、保证事务完整性等方面进行了分析比较；然后本文分析了目前主流的NoSQL数据库产品的特征和原理，探讨了各种NoSQL数据库产品的优势与不足，并给出了其主要的应用方向；最后本文以高校教学资源管理系统为实际案例，设计并实现了一个基于MongoDB的高可靠、高扩展的教学资源管理系统。关键词：NoSQL数据库；MongoDB；教学资源管理系统武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofInternetWeb2.0technologiesandthegrowthoftheamountofdata,howtoefficientlystore,processandextractlargeamountsofdatabecomesanurgentproblem,NoSQLdatabaseemergedinthiscontext.NoSQListhegeneraltermofnon-relationshipdatabasetomeetthegrowingapplicationrequirementsofInternet.Whentraditionalrelationaldatabasesfaceavarietyofpressuresandchallenges,suchasmassdatastorageandmanagement,highavailabilityandhighscalability,NoSQLbecomesaverypopularfieldofstudy,andobtainattentionandmanyresearchachievements.NoSQLdatabasebreaksthetraditionalrelationalmodel,storesdataasafreestyleinsteadofdependentoffixedtablestructure,andovercomestheshortcomingsoftraditionalrelationaldatabase,soastohavegreatperformance.NoSQLdatabasearedesignedtobedeployedoninexpensivehardwaretosupportdistributedstorageandtotransparentextensionnode,theiravailabilityarepowerfulandtheycanmaintaininlowcost.First，thispaperintroducetheconceptandtheoryrelatedtoNoSQLdatabase,analyzedatamodelofseveralmainstreamNoSQLdatabases,andcomparetheNoSQLdatabasewiththetraditionalrelationaldatabaseinthedatamodel,assurancedataintegrity,scalabilityandotheraspects.Then,ThispaperanalyzethecharacteristicsandprinciplesofcurrentmainstreamNoSQLdatabaseproductsrespectively,illustrateadvantagesanddisadvantagesofseveralNoSQLdatabaseproductsandtheirapplication.Finally,UsingUniversityTeachingResourcesManagementSystemfortheactualcase,designandimplementahighlyscalable,highlyreliableDigitalResourceManagementSystembasedonMongoDB.KeyWords：NoSQLdatabase;MongoDB;TeachingResourceManagementSystem武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）目录第1章绪论.........................................................................................................................11.1课题背景................................................................................................................11.2国内外发展现状....................................................................................................11.3本论文的研究内容................................................................................................2第2章NoSQL数据库概要...............................................................................................42.1NoSQL概念与理论...............................................................................................42.1.1NoSQL概念....................................................................................................42.1.2NoSQL相关理论............................................................................................42.2NoSQL数据模型...................................................................................................62.2.1基于键-值的数据模型...................................................................................62.2.2面向文档的数据模型....................................................................................62.2.3面向列的数据模型........................................................................................72.2.4图结构数据模型............................................................................................72.3NoSQL与关系型数据库.......................................................................................72.3.1关系型数据库存在的问题............................................................................72.3.2NoSQL与关系型数据库的比较..................................................................8第3章主流NoSQL数据库产品....................................................................................123.1TokyoTyrant/Cabinet............................................................................................123.2Redis.....................................................................................................................133.3MongoDB.............................................................................................................14第4章MongoDB数据库在教学资源管理系统中的应用............................................164.1背景介绍..............................................................................................................164.2需求分析..............................................................................................................174.2.1功能需求......................................................................................................174.2.2非功能需求..................................................................................................184.3系统设计.........................................................................