状语从句讲义(教师版)

1AdverbialclauseI.Whatisanadverbial?什么是状语？Underlinetheadverbialofeachsentencebelow.Eg:①Heiswritingcarefully.②Thebabyisveryhappy.③Youdidthejobquitewell.④Surely,wewillhelpyou.⑤Theconcertwillbeoninthemusichall.⑥Theclassmeetingisheldat3:40,everyMondayafternoon.Note:1.在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作程度或状态等的成分叫作状语。2.状语通常用副词、介词短语或从句等形式来表现。II.Whatisanadverbialclause?什么是状语从句？Underlinetheadverbialandcircletheconjunctionsofeachsentencebelow.①WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Ifoundmanybeautifultallbuildings.②②Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.③Ifitisfinetomorrow,we’llgoforapicnic.④Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.Note:由从属连词引出的句子作状语叫做状语从句。Ⅲ.TypesofadverbialclauseAdverbialclauseofpurpose,result,concession,comparison,time,place,reason,condition.1.AdverbialclauseofpurposeFillblankswithconjunctionsabove.(1).ItookmanyphotosofChinawithmeinorderthat/so/sothatIcouldshowpeopleChineseculture.sothat,so,inorderthat2(2).Marylentmethisbookinorderthat/so/sothatIcouldreadaboutanewdiet.Note:状语从句通常位于句后,目的状语从句表示主句动作的目的1.从属连词:sothat/inorderthat2.重点提示:①Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardinorderthathecanpasstheexam.从句中谓语动词常含情态动词:can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would②Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardinorderthathecanpasstheexam.状语从句部分必须是完整句:sothat/inorderthat+主语+谓语+(can/could等+动词原形)+其他③Paraphrasethesesentencesbyusingadverbialclauseofpurpose1.Westartedearlyinordertocatch/soastocatchthefirsttrain.Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.2.Hestudieshardinordertopass/soastopasstheexam.Hestudieshardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.目的状语从句可与inorderto/soasto/to等转换。2.AdverbialClauseofResult结果状语从句Eg:①Heissohumorousateacherthatwealllikehim.②Heissuchahumorousteacherthatwealllikehim.Note:结果状语从句表示主句动作引起的结果从属连词:sothat/…so…that/…such…that/其表现形式：Fillintheblanks⑴Hewassoexcitedthatheevencries.so+形容词/副词+that⑵Theboystudiedhardsothathepassedtheexams.sothat⑶Heissohumorousateacherthatwealllikehim.so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词⑷Heissuchahumorousteacherthatwealllikehim.such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数+that⑸Thesearesuchinterestingbooksthatwealllikethemsuch+形容词+复数可数名词+that⑹HegavemesuchgoodadvicethatIcouldfinishit.such+形容词+不可数名词+that⑺IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan’tbuyit.⑻Hehassofewfriendsthathefeelslonely.在much/many/few/little前只能用so如何区分sothat引出的是目的还是结果Theymissedthefirstbus,sothattheywerelateforschool.ResultMymotherphonedmeonarrivalsothatIknewshewassafeandsound.Purpose3a)根据上下文意思Hewentearly,sothathegotagoodseat.ResultHewentearlysothathecouldgetagoodseat.Purposeb)从句子形式上判断，sothat引出结果状语时,该从句前一般常有逗号。目的状语从句前没有逗号,而且从句中通常用can/could,may/might,will/would等情态动词。3.AdverbialClauseofConcession让步状语从句Underlinetherightconjunctions②Although/Thoughit’shardwork,Ienjoyit.②Although/Thoughheisold,yet/still/×heworksdayandnight.③Iwon’ttellhimevenif/eventhoughheasksmeagainandagain.从属连词：though/although/evenif/eventhough重点提示：让步状语从句表示的是与主句相反的不利条件或因素,但它们并不能阻止主句动作的发生。不能和but连用，但可以和yet,still连用。4.AdverbialClauseofComparison比较状语从句Fillintheblanks②Ihopethisbookwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.我希望这本书和你借给我的那本一样好。②Noonecanbemorefitforhisjobthanhecan.没人比他更适合他的工作。③Hecan’trunsofastasshedoes.他不能跑的像她一样快。④Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你学习得越多，你知道的就越多。Note:从属连词：as…as…/notso(as)…as…/than/the+比较级…the+比较级…/thesameas5.AdverbialClauseofTime时间状语从句Underlinetheadverbialclauseoftimeandcircletheconjunctions①Whenthefirestartedlastnight,Iwasinbed.②Whilethechildrenwerewatchingtelevision,theparentswerereading.③Youcangetthelicenseassoonasyoupassthedrivingtest.④Youhavetowaitheretill(until)thebuscomes.Note:从属连词：when,as,while,after,before,assoonas,since,till,until,once,whenever等。4注：时间状语从句时态遵循主将从现原则，不能用将来时态，只能用一般时态来表示。6.AdverbialClauseofPlace地点状语从句Fillintheblanks①IfoundmybagwhereIhadleftit.②Heisworkingwherehisfatherworkedyearsago.③Whereverhegoes,hisdogfollowshim.（不论他去哪里）④NomatterwhereIhide,myfathercanalwaysfindmeout.（不论我藏在哪里）Note:从属连词：where/wherever/nomatterwhere7.AdverbialofReason原因状语从句Fillintheblanks①Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasinhospital.②Theymustbehomenowsincethelightsintheirhouseareon.③Hewenttobedearlyashewastired.Note:从属连词：because,since,as等注：Because用来说明直接原因，表示因果关系。常放在句尾。Since表示的原因是稍加分析后推断出来的原因。Since比as更正式，且表示的意味比as强。可以放在句首也可以放在句尾As所表示的原因往往比较明显，为大家所公知的理由，可放在句首或句尾。8.AdverbialclauseofconditionFillintheblanks①Ifyoupretendnottoseehim,hewillgetangry.②Youcan’tspeakEnglishwellunlessyoupracticeiteveryday.③Aslongastheweatherisfine,wecangoonthepicnic.Note:从属连词：if/unless/solongas/aslongas等，时态遵循主将从现原则。because，since，as