不确定充电习惯对电动汽车充电负荷需求及充电负荷调节的影响_杨冰

20152Vol.30No.4304TRANSACTIONSOFCHINAELECTROTECHNICALSOCIETYFeb.20151,211131.1001902.1000493.100031TM72;U469.72EffectsofUncertaintyChargingHabitsonElectricVehicles’ChargingLoadDemandandtheChargingLoadRegulationYangBing1,2WangLifang1LiaoChenglin1JiLi1DongFengyu31.KeyLaboratoryofPowerElectronicsandElectricDrives,InstituteofElectricalEngineering,ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100190China2.UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049China3.StateGridBeijingElectricPowerCompanyBeijing100031ChinaAbstractAcalculatingmodelofelectricvehicles’(EVs’)chargingloaddemandconcerninguncertaintyfactorsisestablishedinthiswork,inwhich,users’charginghabitsisrepresentedbybinomialdistribution.Basedonthismodeleffectsofuncertaintyfactorsincludingcharginghabits,chargingstarttimedelayandchargingpowertoEVs’chargingloaddemandanddistributionpowerloadareinvestigated;andthenanoptimizationmodeltoadjustEVs’chargingloadforuncertaintycharginghabitisproposedtakingEVs’chargingstarttimeandchargingpowerascontrolvariables,andtheobjectfunctionistominimizetheloadvariancewithchargingpowerlimitsandusers’chargingenergydemandasconstraints.TakingEVs’operatingdataanddistributionpowerloaddataofacertaincityastestcase,advantagesofthechargingloadregulationmethodisverified.KeywordsElectricvehicle,uncertaintyfactors,chargingloaddemand,loadregulation1[1-5]8632011AA05A1092010DFA72760510070882014-01-222014-06-24304227[4][6,7][9-14][15]22.11001nnpcharge_setbnppp[0,1]U0,11pp[0,1]2iU0,1RandRandpRandp2.21N2pPc3StateofChargeSOCSOC1_2_1SOC()SOC()iitiitiidttD1SOCiSOCdiDiitti_1tti_24RandSOC2SOC3cc_1c_2()0iiiPtttpt2c_2c_1c_2c_1SOC()SOC()()/iiiiiiittcttC3pi(t)itPctci_1tci_2tti_2=tci_1CiikW·h5P(t)4ev1()()Niiptpt433.1122820152500211Tab.1Parametersoftheusers’drivehabit7.320.7818.761.303.660.5125Tab.2ParametersoffivekindsclassicalEVs/(kWh)/kmNissanAltra29.1130NissanLeaf24160BJ-E15022.8130Foton-MIDI32180BYD-E663.32951Fig.1Loadprofileofdistributionpowersystem3.21Pc=3.3kW5002a2bab2Fig.2Profilesofchargingloaddemandandpowerloadunderdifferentchargingprobabilities23.3p=0.5Pc=3.3kW0h02h04h33a304229b3Fig.3Profilesofchargingloaddemandandpowerloadunderdifferentchargingtimedelay3.4p=0.5Pc3.3kW5.0kW6.6kW4a4bab4Fig.4Profilesofchargingloaddemandandpowerloadunderdifferentchargingpower444.1[12]lev_cavc11(,)min(,)HiiippTPPDTPH5D()TpliiHpev_iiPav1startend,TTT6TstartTend2cminmax,PPP7PmaxPmin3ev1NiixnN8xevii23020152xevi=1xevi=04.2ParticleSwarmOptimization,PSOmNXTXPi910,1,2,,,iiiNTiTTTXi=1,2,,m9XPi=Pcii=1,2,,m10PSO5111211122gttttttiiiiivvcrpxcrpx1111tttiiixxv12tivtixtitiptgptc1c2r1r20,113=maxmaxmin()kK13maxminkK1Tlen=cSOCiIP14TlenISOC2T(Tstart,TendTlen)1555.1PSOm=20N=500c1=c2=1.49max=0.95min=0.45533H=240300PSO52005PSOFig.5ConvergencecurveofPSOalgorithmfitnessvalue5.25.2.16.6kW3.3kWN=5006p=0.024a304231b6Fig.6Profilesofdistributionpowerloadafterregulating3123Tab.3Evaluationofthechargingloadregulationp/kW1212120.00.2510.1450.611.003.306.600.50.2460.1410.791.003.306.601.00.2620.1390.891.003.306.605.2.23.4p=0.5N=50077Fig.7Relationshipamongchargingpower,chargingenergymeetrateandloadvariancePbestp=0.58.73kW45.2.35p=1.0Pmax=20kW54Tab.4RelationshipbetweenchargingprobabilitiesandchargingpowerpN/Pbest/kW0.05007.550.1193000.25007.610.1223000.45007.960.1233000.65008.170.1173000.85008.310.1193001.05008.490.1213005Tab.5RelationshipbetweenEV’snumberandchargingpowerN/pPbest/kW1001.09.800.373002001.09.270.303003001.08.940.243004001.08.610.183005001.08.490.12300623220152[1]RobertC.Green,WangLingfeng,MansoorAlam.Theimpactofplug-inhybridelectricvehiclesondistribu-tionnetworks:areviewandoutlook[J].RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews.2011,1(15):544-553.[2]HubnerM,ZhaoL,MirbachT,etal.Impactoflarge-scaleelectricvehicleapplicationonthepowersupply[C].IEEEElectricalPower&EnergyConference,Montreal,2009.[3]TaylorJ,AaitraA,AlexanderM,etal.Evaluationoftheimpactofplug-inelectricvehicleloadingondistributionsystemoperations[C].IEEEPower&EnergySocietyGeneralMeeting,Calgary,Canada,2009.[4],,,.[J].,2012,32(4):1-11.HuZechun,SongYonghua,XuZhiwei,etal.Impactsandutilizationofelectricvehiclesintegrationintopowersystems[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2012,32(4):1-11.[5]ClementK,HaesenE,DriesenJ.Theimpactofchargingplug-inhybridelectricvehiclesonaresidentialdistributiongrid[J].IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems,2010,25(1):371-380.[6],,,.[J].,2011,35(14):36-42.LuoZhuowei,HuZechun,SongYonghua,etal.Studyonplug-inelectricvehicleschargingloadcalculating[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2011,35(14):36-42.[7],,.[J].,2013,28(2):22-27.YangBing,WangLifang,LiaoChenglin.Researchonpowerchargingdemandoflarge-scaleelectricvehiclesanditsimpactingfactors[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety,2013,28(2):22-27.[8]ClementK,HaesenE,DriesenJ.Theimpactofchargingplug-inhybridelectricvehiclesonaresidentialdistributiongrid[J].IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems,2010,25(1):371-380.[9]QianKejun,ZhouChengke,AllanMalcolm,etal.Loadmodelforpredictionofelectricvehiclechargingdemand[C].IEEEInternationalConference