gmp大数库_手册

GNUMPTheGNUMultiplePrecisionArithmeticLibraryEdition5.1.111February2013byTorbj¨ornGranlundandtheGMPdevelopmentteamThismanualdescribeshowtoinstallandusetheGNUmultipleprecisionarithmeticlibrary,version5.1.1.Copyright1991,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013FreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.Permissionisgrantedtocopy,distributeand/ormodifythisdocumentunderthetermsoftheGNUFreeDocumentationLicense,Version1.3oranylaterversionpublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation;withnoInvariantSections,withtheFront-CoverTextsbeing“AGNUManual”,andwiththeBack-CoverTextsbeing“YouhavefreedomtocopyandmodifythisGNUManual,likeGNUsoftware”.AcopyofthelicenseisincludedinAppendixC[GNUFreeDocumentationLicense],page124.iTableofContentsGNUMPCopyingConditions...................................11IntroductiontoGNUMP....................................21.1HowtousethisManual...........................................................22InstallingGMP................................................32.1BuildOptions.....................................................................32.2ABIandISA......................................................................82.3NotesforPackageBuilds.........................................................112.4NotesforParticularSystems.....................................................122.5KnownBuildProblems...........................................................142.6Performanceoptimization........................................................153GMPBasics..................................................163.1HeadersandLibraries............................................................163.2NomenclatureandTypes.........................................................163.3FunctionClasses.................................................................173.4VariableConventions.............................................................173.5ParameterConventions...........................................................183.6MemoryManagement............................................................193.7Reentrancy.......................................................................193.8UsefulMacrosandConstants.....................................................203.9Compatibilitywitholderversions.................................................203.10Demonstrationprograms........................................................203.11Efficiency.......................................................................213.12Debugging......................................................................233.13Profiling........................................................................253.14Autoconf........................................................................263.15Emacs..........................................................................274ReportingBugs...............................................285IntegerFunctions.............................................295.1InitializationFunctions...........................................................295.2AssignmentFunctions............................................................305.3CombinedInitializationandAssignmentFunctions................................305.4ConversionFunctions.............................................................315.5ArithmeticFunctions.............................................................325.6DivisionFunctions...............................................................325.7ExponentiationFunctions........................................................345.8RootExtractionFunctions.......................................................355.9NumberTheoreticFunctions.....................................................355.10ComparisonFunctions...........................................................385.11LogicalandBitManipulationFunctions.........................................385.12InputandOutputFunctions.....................................................395.13RandomNumberFunctions.....................................................40iiGNUMP5.1.15.14IntegerImportandExport......................................................415.15MiscellaneousFunctions.........................................................425.16SpecialFunctions...............................................................436RationalNumberFunctions.................................446.1InitializationandAssignmentFunctions..........................................446.2ConversionFunctions.............................................................456.3ArithmeticFunctions.............................................................456.4ComparisonFunctions............................................................466.5ApplyingIntegerFunctionstoRationals..........................................466.6InputandOutputFunctions......................................................477Floating-pointFunctions.....................................487.1InitializationFunctions......................