必修四 第一单元 语法period3 Grammar 主谓一致

GrammarUnit1Subject---VerbAgreement(主谓一致)语法一致就近原则意义一致就远原则“主语+附属结构”作主语，谓语与主语一致即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。单数原则“主语被某些词修饰后，谓语动词只能用单数Rule1语法一致：1.当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。如表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数，此时and后面的名词有冠词。Theworkerandwriter____(be)fromWuhan.那个工人兼作家Theworkerandthewriter_____(be)fromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家isareTheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。Goingoutforawalkaftersupperisagoodhabit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。2.动词不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例如：Something____(has/have)gonewrongwithmywatch.Anybodywho_______(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.3.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;hasbreaksTwopictures______onthewall,whichattractmanypeople.Onthewall_____twopictures,whichattractmanypeople.Theirteacher______amongthestudents,whoisinherthirties.Amongthestudents_____theirteacher,whoisinherthirties.4.倒装句中的语法一致arearestandsstands5、由分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与of后面的名词的数一致即分数或百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数分数或百分数+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数•Tenpercentofthepupils_____absenttoday.•Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth____sea.areisExercises1.ReadingEnglishpapersandmagazines___helpfultoourstudyofEnglish.(is/are)2.Whetherhecomesornot____ofnomatter.(is/are)3.Tosay___onething;todo___another.(is/are)4.Listening,speaking,readingandwriting____fourskillsforEnglishstudy.(is/are)5.Wheretofindtheplantandwhattodowithit_____stilltheproblemstosettle.(is/are)isisisisareare1.由集体名词,如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式.Hisfamilyisverylarge.他家是一个大家庭。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。Rule2意义一致：1.Theresearchgroup(is,are)madeupoffivepeople.2.What(do,does)thegroupwantfortheirlunch?3.Ourfamily(is,are)notpooranymore.4.Hehastoworry.Hisfamily(is,are)waitingforhim.5.Theclass(is,are)morethanfortyinnumber.isdoisareis6.Theclass(have,has)disagreedamongthemselvesaboutwheretheyshouldgoandhaveapicnic.have•Neitherdog_____big.(A.isB.are)•Neitherofthem_____big.(A.isB.are)A•Neitheroftherabbits_____handsome..(A.isB.are)A/B•Neitherrabbit_____handsome.(A.isB.are)AA/B＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿2.代词作主语neitherofnoneof不可数名词+可数名词neither+单数名词谓语动词用单数或复数Howtousenoneandneither谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数3.Neitherofus________(was/were)readywhenthepartybegan.4.Noneofthem________(has/have)watchedthetalkshow.have/haswas/were1.Noneofthesepeople___doctors.A.hasB.haveC.areD.was2.Neitherofthem___agoodsinger.A.wasB.isC.wereD.isusedtobeCB3.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式;Twoyears______passedsinceIleftNingbo;Onemilliondollars______agreatsumofmoney.1.Everymeans______beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is2.Nonews____goodnews.(is/are)3.Maths/physics_____thesubjectthatIlikemost.(is/are)4.以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics,theUnitedStates,works等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;hasisisishase.g.Tomisoneofthestudentswho_____goodatplayingfootball.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goodatplayingfootball.areis[注意]在“oneof+复数名词+关系代词”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式；但是若前有theonly,将其限定为只有一个时,谓语动词用单数形式.5.the＋adj.作主语•the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor等•the+adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如thebeautiful,thegood等•Theold____takengoodcareofinoursociety.•Therich____forthedecisionbutthepoorareagainstit.•Thewounded____ayoungboy.•Thebeautiful____notalwaysthesameasthegood.arearewasisAorBNotAbutBEitherAorBNeitherAnorBNotonlyAbutalsoBVerbRule3就近原则：1.我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子.Thereare56desksandonetelevisioninourclassroom.Thereisonetelevisionand56desksinourclassroom.存在句:Therebe…….结构HereThere+VerbAandBA,BandC•Notonlyyoubutalsohe____wrong.(is/are)•Neitheryounorhe___right.(is/are)•There___twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation.(is/are)•Here__amapandahandbookforyou.(is/are)isisareis＿＿＿＿＿＿______＿当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。1.Theteacherwithtwostudents______atthemeeting.(was/were)2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playwasARule4就远原则•A•谓语动词与第一个主语A保持一致•Allbutone______(be)herejustnow.•Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___(be)offeredtothenationasagift.•Apeasanttogetherwithsomesoldiers____(be)abouttohelpus.withalongwithtogetherwithbesidesbutexceptincludingaswellasratherthanBwereisis1．NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．A．wasB．wereC．hasbeenD．havebeen2．Awomanwithsomechildren____soon．A．iscomingB．arecomingC．hascomeD．havecome3.Everything,includingtheclothes,____stolenthatevening.A.isB.wasC.areD.were7．Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A．knowB．knowsC．isknownD．areknown8．Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready．A．hasreadB．havereadC．arereadingD．isreading9．Allbutone_