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简单句,并列句和复合句I.句子的分类(按结构)1.简单句(SimpleSentences)2.并列句(CompoundSentences)按结构可分为:3.复合句(ComplexSentences)II.句子的分类(按用途)句子按用途可分为:1.陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)2.疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)3.祈使句(ImperativeSentences)4.感叹句(ExclamatorySentences)1.简单句例句:1.Shegoestoworkeveryday.2.TomandIfoundherthere.3.Weallbreathe,eatandwork.4.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforwallnewspapers.说明:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句的五种基本句型1)主语+谓语(vi.)例如:Iwork.我工作。2)主语+谓语(系动词)+表例如:Johnisbusy.约翰忙。3)主语+谓语(vt.)+宾例如:ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。4)主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补例如:Healwaysmakesuslaugh.他总是让我们发笑5)主语+谓语(vt.)+间宾+直宾例如:Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。2.并列句例句:1.Ioftenhelpherandshehelpsme,too.2.Harrylikeseggs,buthedoesn’tlikechicken.3.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.区别比较:Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforwallnewspapers.说明:由并列连词(如:and,so,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列句的分类1.并列连词and,then,notonly…butalso…等连接联合并列句,用notonly…butalso…时,前面一句要用部分倒装。例如:1)Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway2)Notonlydoeshewanttocome,butthestudentsalsoneedhim.2.并列连词but,while,yet等连接转折并列句。例如:(09北京)21.Johnplaysbasketballwell,___hisfavoritesportisbadminton.A.soB.orC.yetD.for3.并列连词or,either…or…,otherwise等连接选择并列句。如:EitheryouleavethishouseorI’llcallthepolice.Hurryup,oryouwillmissthetrain.4.并列连词so,for,therefore等连接因果关系并列句。如:Itwaslate,sowewenthome.Itrained,thereforethegamewascalledoff.注意:1.在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,要将and或or去掉。例如:Hurryup,andwe’llbethereintime.=Ifwehurryup,we’llbethereintime.2.并列连词so不能与because连用;并列连词but不能和although或though连用。3.复合句说明:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,从句是主句的一成分。复合句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句。例句:1.Ibelieveyouareright.2.Ifhestudiesharder,hewillpasstheexam.3.ThemanwhoisplayingbasketballisYaoming.4.ThereasonisthatIdon’tloveyouanymore.5.WhatIneedisenoughmoney.6.ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheEnglishtestistrue.简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析•简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型,在阅读中需有时要借助于划分句子成分来理解句子的意思,在书面表达中如果没有基本的遣词造句能力是无法用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。•高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要体现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and,or,but,以及定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句的连接词,关联词。II.句子的分类(按用途)句子按用途可分为:1.陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)2.疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)3.祈使句(ImperativeSentences)4.感叹句(ExclamatorySentences)用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。(肯定和否定),句中含有never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely,nothing,nobody,nowhere等词时,应视为否定句。1.陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)例如:1)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)2)Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)3)Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.4)Icouldhardlyhearanything.用来提出请求,建议或发出命令,肯定的祈使句用动词原形开头,否定的祈使句用Don’t或Never+动词原形开头。例如:1.Sitdown,please!2.Don’tbenervous!2.祈使句(ImperativeSentences)有些祈使句还可以没有动词。例如:Silence!Noparking!有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词do。例如:Docomeearlier,please!表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,常用what或how来引导。常见的句型结构是:What+名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!例如:1)Whatgoodnewsitis!2)Whatasillyquestionheasked!3)Howcoolitistoday!4)Howhardthestudentsareworking!3.感叹句(ExclamatorySentences)a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):常指用yes或no回答的句子,常把助动词be、have、do或情态动词等提到主语之前,例如:Canyoufinishtheworkintime?Areyouastudent?DoyoulikeEnglish?用来提出问题,有以下四种:4.疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)b.特殊疑问句(SpecialQuestions):指用what,how,when,which,where,howmany,howmuch,等疑问词开头的疑问句,不能用yes或no回答,例如:Wheredoyoulive?Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?c.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择,供选择的部分常用or连接。例如:1.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?2.Whichjacketdidhebuy,thegreenoneortheredone?d.反意疑问句(TagQuestions):在陈述句后附上一个简短问句,表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽有一定见解,但没有把握,提出疑问,希望得到对方的证实。常见句型结构是:前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定两种。要注意陈述句中的否定有多种形式,除了用not之外,还可以用hardly,few,little,never,seldom,nobody,nothing,nowhere等词表示否定,但否定的前缀和后缀不算否定。例如:1)Workisabigpartofyourlife,isn’tit?2)Theyallhadagoodtime,didn’tthey?3)Shedislikespets,doesn’tshe?4)Hedoesn’tknowher,doeshe?5)Nobodycameherejustnow,didthey?6)Tomcanhardlycook,canhe?一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句二、用适当的词填空1.Givemeonemoreminute____Iwillbeabletofinishit.2.______joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!3.Iamsorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.4.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,______othersloveswimming.andHowbutwhile5.Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?6.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired.7.Mothercutherfinger_________shewasmakingadress.8.It’sreallyverydangerous.Onemorestep,___thebabywillfallintothewell.9.SheisAmerican,____sheknowslitteraboutAmericanhistory.10.Studyhard,_____youwon’tpasstheexam.orforwhenandbutor三、按要求完成以下句子1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改为否定句)Hedoesn’tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(对划线部分提问)Howlonghavetheylivedhere?3.Therewillbeasportsmeetingattheendofthismonth,____________?(完成反意问)won’tthere4.Youmustbecarefu
本文标题:英语语法专题---简单句,并列句和复合句
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