Lecture 1 - Classical and Modern Theories of manag

1CommercialRelationshipManagementPS4S39Lecture1ClassicalandModernTheoriesofManagementunderpinningCRM(“FromHenriFayoltoComplexityTheory”)2Somedefinitions•‘Leadershaveavisionhowtheorganisationcouldbebetterandcaninspirefollowerstopursuethatvision…..Managersfollowthepresentviewfortheorganisation’Champoux(1996)•Motivation-‘thedegreetowhichanindividualwantsandchoosestoengageincertainspecifiedbehaviours’Mullins(2008)3Introduction•Managementeffectiveness-tobeexploredthrough:-–Managementphilosophies&discourse–Managementfunctionsandmanagereffectiveness–Communication&perception–Needs&Motivation-theoryandpractice–Leadership–Culture–Teamsandgroupeffectiveness(sharedvalues)4ManagementPhilosophiesTheClassicalSchoolofManagement•“TheClassicalSchoolofManagement”(HenriFayol)-identifiedfiveelementsofmanagement–Planning,developingaplanofaction–Organising,buildingastructure–Command,maintainactivity–Co-ordination,unifyandharmonise–Control,verifyactivitiesensurelinkwithplan5ScientificManagement•FrederickWTaylorbasedhistheoryonthefollowingfourprinciples:-–Developa‘scienceforeachelementofwork-carefullystudyjobs–Scientificallyselecteachworker–Match‘science’ofthejobwiththescientificallyselectedworker–Managementandworkersmustco-operate6ScientificManagement–Scientificmanagementinpractice–Workstudytechniques–Separationofplanningfunctionandoperatorfunction–Workerspaidincentives–Focusuponmanualwork–Stillpractisedtoday-usuallywhereproductivityandefficiencyareconcernedScientificManagement•Disciplesof“Taylorism”andtheScientificManagementphilosophy–FrankandLilianGilbreth–measurement&methodstudy;‘Therbligs’(anacronymofGilbreth)andprocesscharting–HenryGantt–incentivepaymentsystemsandcharting(TheGanttChart)–L.F.Urwick–administration&management•10principlesofthestructure&operationsoforganisations7ThenotionofBureaucracy•MaxWeber(1864-1920)–Asociologistandnotapracticingmanager–Thenationofauthoritystructures•Traditionalauthority•Charismaticauthority•Rational-legalauthority–Themainfeaturesofbureaucracy–BureaucracyafterWeber•‘Mockbureaucracy•‘Representativebureaucracy’•‘Punishment-centredbureaucracy’89Communication&PerceptionCommunicationcodingchanneldecodingtransmittermessagereceiverfeedbackperceptualfilterperceptualfiltercontextcontextExchangingmeaning:amodelofthecommunicationprocess(Buchanan&Huczynski,2005)10Communication&PerceptionPerception•TheProcessofPerception–Stage1-TheSelectionofStimuli»Screeningorfiltering–Stage2–Arrangement&Logic•Perceptualorganisation&arrangementofstimuli•Logic&meaningtotheindividual–Stage3–EmergentPatternsofBehaviourHumanRelationsSchool&PsychologicalTheories•EltonMayo–HawthorneExperiments(1927-1932)•EdgarSchein–Rationale-EconomicMan–SocialMan–Self-actualisingMan–ComplexMan11HumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories12PhysiologicalneedsSafetyNeedsLoveNeedsEsteemNeedsSelf-ActualisationNeedsAbrahamMaslow-HierarchyofNeedsTheoryHumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories•Compare&contrastMaslow’sviewofneedswithAlderfer(1972)•Aderferviews‘needs’inacontinuumandnotasahierearchy13ExistenceneedsRelatednessneedsGrowthneeds14HumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories•FredrickHerzberg-Motivator/HygieneTheory–Motivators•achievement;recognition;workitself;responsibility;andadvancement–HygieneFactors•Companypolicyandadministration;supervision;interpersonalrelations;workingconditions;andsalary15HumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories•DouglasMcGregor–“TheoryXandTheoryY”–TheoryXmakes[management]assumptionsabouthumannature;peoplearelazyanddislikework;coercionisrequiredforpeopletowork;peopletendtoavoidresponsibility;motivationonlyoccursatphysiologicalandsecuritylevels16HumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories•DouglasMcGregor-TheoryXandTheoryY–TheoryYalsomakes[management]assumptionsabouthumannature:-•workisasnaturalasplayorrest;peoplecanseekresponsibility;•peoplecanbecreativetosolveorganisationalproblems;•theintellectualpotentialortheaveragepersonisonlypartiallyutilised;motivationoccursatall(need)levels;•workerscanecommittedtotheorganisation’sobjectivesHumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories•CompareMcGregortoChrisAgyris’“Immature-MaturityTheory”17HumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheoriesImmaturity•Passivity•Dependence•Behaveinfewways•Erratic,shallowinterests•Shorttimeperspective•Subordinateposition•LackofselfawarenessMaturity•Activity•Relatedindependence•Behaveinmanyways•Deeperinterests•Longtimeperspective•Equalorsuperiorposition•Awarenessandselfcontrol18HumanRelationsSchoolNeeds&contentmotivationtheories•D.C.McClelland(1961)–“AchievementMotivation”•Basedaroundthenotionof3setsofneeds:-–Theneedforachievement(n-Ach)–Theneedforpower(n-Pow)–Theneedforaffiliation,orbelonging(n-Aff)–Compare&contrastMcClellandwithSchein,Maslow,Alderferearlier19HumanRelationsSchoolProcessmotivationtheories•V.H.Vroom(1964)-ExpectancyTheory•Adams-EquityTheory•Locke(1968)&LockeandLatham(1988)–GoalTheory•H.Kelly(1972)-AttributionTheory•B.FSkinner(1974)-ReinforcementTheory•W.Ouchi(1981)–TheoryZ–TheJapane