Medical_Terminology

NURS1103orHLSC2613MedicalTerminologyCourseDescriptionAstudyofphysiologicalsystemsapproachtoprovideprinciplesofmedicalwordbuilding.Providesmedicalvocabularyincludinganatomy,physiology,systems,diagnostictestingandpharmacology.Thiscourseisappropriateforhealthcareadministration,healthsciencestudentssuchasnursing,dentalhygiene,paramedics,andphysicaltherapyassisting;aswellascourtreportingandmedicaltranscriptioniststudents.CourseObjectivesApplybasicprinciplesofmedicalwordbuilding.Correctlypronouncemedicalterms.Definecommonmedicalterms.Relatecommonmedicaltermstohumananatomyandphysiology;commondiseasestates,pharmacologicalcategoriesanddiagnostictests.Identifythemedicalterminologyinmedicalrecordreports.MainObjective:LearnMedicalTerminologyNewstudentstoMedicalTerminologyoftenbewilderedbystrangespellingandpronunciation.Approximately75%ofMedicalTermsarebasedoneitherGreekorLatinWhenreadingforpleasure,youmaybeabletounderstandanunknownwordbecauseofthecontextinwhichitisusedandbecauseyouhavesomefamiliaritywiththegeneralsubject.Inreadingdocumentswithalotofmedicalterminology,youmayfindnothingfamiliarabouttheterms.Itwillseemlikeaforeignlanguage.Inthislessonyouwilldiscoverhowtounderstandanewmedicaltermbylookingatthewordparts.Forexamplewhenyoulookatthewordnonsense,youknowthatnon-meansnotordoesnot,andsensemeanstobeunderstandableandconsistentwithreason.Soyoucanputthetwomeaningstogetherandknowthatnonsensemeanssomethingthatisnotunderstandableornotconsistentwithreason.Nonsensemeanssomethingthatdoesnotmakesense.Inordertoanalyzemedicalwords,youneedtounderstandthethreemainelementsthatareusedtoformwords:prefixes,rootwords,andsuffixes.Therearemanytermstoeachoftheseelementsanditwouldbeimpossibletoexpectyoutolearnthemall,butyouwillbecomefamiliarwithsomeofthemostcommonones.Inthislessonyouwilllearnthedefinitionsofthethreeelementsusedtomakeupamedicalterm:wordrootsSuffixesPrefixesChapter1BasicElementsofMedicalWordWordRoots(WR)Themainpartorfoundationofthewordistheroot.UsuallyderivedformGreekorLatinFrequentlyindicatesabodypartMostmedicaltermshaveoneormorewordrootsIdentifythewordrootinthefollowingnon-medicalwords:teacher,teaches,teaching(teach)speaking,speaker,speaks(speak)reader,reading,reads(read)WordrootsinmedicalterminologyareusuallyderivedfromGreekorLatinandusuallyrefertoabodypart.ExamplesofWordRoodsGreekWordWordRootKardia(heart)CardiGaster(stomach)GastrHepar(liver)HepatNephros(kidney)NephrOsteon(bone)osteCombiningForm(CF)isaWordRoot(WR)plusavowel,usuallyan“o”UsuallyindicatesabodypartCombiningForms(CF)CombiningFormsExamplesCardi/+o=cardi/oheartgastr/+o=gastr/ostomachhepat/+o=hepat/olivernephr/+o=nephr/okidneyoste/+o=oste/oboneCompoundWordCompoundwordscanbeformedwhen2ormorewordrootsareusedtobuildtheword.Sometimeswordrootsarewords.Wordroot+wordroot=CompoundwordChicken+Pox=ChickenpoxWordrootwordrootcompoundwordExamples:underage,shorthand,download,brainstemCompoundWordCompoundwordcanalsobeformedfromacombiningformandawholeword.Therm/o+meter=Therm/o/meterCombiningformwordcompoundwordSuffixesAsuffixisaddedtotheendofawordroottomodifyitsmeaning.Thesuffixwillusuallytellwhatishappeningtotheroot.Acombiningvowelisoftenusedtoconnectasuffixtoarootterm.Suffixusuallyindicatesaprocedure,condition,disease,orpartofspeechUsuallyderivedfromGreekorLatinExamplesofSuffixArthr/o-centesisArthrocentesisjointpuncturepunctureofajointthroac/o-tomyThoracotomychestincisionincisionofthechestgastr/o-megalyGastromegalystomachenlargementenlargementofthestomachSuffixesaredenotedbyahyphen(-)infrontofthesuffixwhentheyarestandingalone.Forexample:-er,-ing.Amedicalsuffixexampleis–emiawhichreferstotheblood.Leuk-referstowhitebloodcells.Whencombinedtoleukemiaitisthenameofablooddiseaseinvolvingthewhitebloodcells.Noticetheroot–emiastartswithavowel,sonocombiningvowelisneeded.Suffix:Singularvs.PluralGreekSingularSuffixeso-onoSpermatozoon,gangliono-maoCarcinoma,lipomao-sisoCrisis,prognosiso-nxoLarynx,pharynxPluralSuffixeso-aoSpermatozoa,gangliao-mataoCarcinomata,lipomatao-sesoCrises,prognoseso-gesoLarynges,pharyngesSuffix:Singularvs.PluralLatinSingularSuffixes-a–Vertebra,conjunctiva-us–Bacillus,bronchus-um–Bacterium,ilium-is–TestisPluralSuffixes-ae–Vertebrae,conjunctivae-i–Bacilli,bronchi-a–Bacteria,ilia-es–TestesSuffix:Singularvs.PluralLatinSingularSuffixes-ex–cortex-ix–Appendix-ax–thoraxPluralSuffixes-ices–cortices-ices–appendices-aces–thoracesPrefixesWordelementlocatedatthebeginningofawordChangesthemeaningoftheword.Itwillusuallytellsomethingmorespecificaboutthewordroot.Usuallyindicatesanumber,time,position,direction,color,orsenseofnegationExamplesofPrefixA-mast-iawithoutbreastconditionhyper-therm-iaexcessiveheatconditionintra-muscul-arinmusclerelatingtoWordAnalysisHEMATOLOGYHEMAT/O/LOGYRootSuffix(blood)(Studyof)CombiningVowelWhenyouanalyzeamedicalterm,beginattheendoftheword.Theendingofawordiscalledasuffix.Allmedicaltermscontainsuffixes.WordAnalysisHEMATOLOGYHEMAT/O/LOGYRootSuffix(blood)(Studyof)CombiningVowelRoot+combinin