雅思语法-虚拟语气

虚拟语气概念：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。一、英语中有三种语气：1、陈述语气theindicativemood,陈述事实，Youareverybeautiful.2、祈使语气theimpretivemood,提出请求，命令，Pleasebecareful3、虚拟语气thesubjunctivemood,表示主观意愿和假象虚拟的情况Iwishyouweremorecareful.二、英语中的条件句有两类：1、真实条件句sentenceofrealcondition2、非真实条件句sentenceofunrealconditionA、条件句中，如果假设的情况是可以发生，那么这个条件句就是真实条件句Ifhehastime,hewillcome.Wewon’tsuccessunlessweplanwell.B、如果是纯粹假设的情况或是发生的可能性不大的情况，则是虚拟条件句IfIwereyou,Iwouldrecondisertheirproposal.Ifwehadn’tbuiltthereservoir,therewouldhavebeenaterribleflodd.虚拟语气中，有几种情况要区分开来。虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形与过去相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋should,wouldmight,could＋动词原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.Morepractice如果我是你，我就会努力学习．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．２．省略句在条件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.三、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句A、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could＋动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.B、用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形1.我们有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她这样做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.四、虚拟语气在其他从句中1.Itis(high/about)timethat…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.asif(asthough)看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.五、情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以---mighthavedone本来可能---should/oughttohavedone本来应该做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---比较：didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做----我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.Choosethebestanswer:1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.was5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen8.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have