English-poetry英国诗歌简介

EnglishPoetryShakespeare'sSonnetsRomanticpoetryWilliamWordsworthPercyByssheShelleyJohnKeatsSonnetisaveryimportantformofEnglishmetricalpoetry.Ithas14lineswrittentoaregularrhymescheme.SonnetwasinventedbytheItalianpoet,FrancescoPetrarchintheearly14thcentury.Sonnetmakesiteasiertoexpressdeepthoughtandemotion.InEnglishpoetry,therearethreetypesofsonnet:theItalian,theShakespeareanandtheSpenserian.Thesethreetypesofsonnetallconsistof14lines,buttherhymeschemesaredifferent.TheShakespeareansonnetismadeupof3quatrains四行诗节followedbyacouplet.TheformisoftennamedafterShakespeare,notbecausehewasthefirsttowriteinthisformbutbecausehebecameitsmostfamouspractitioner.Theconcludingcoupletoftencomestobeaneffectiveepigram（隽语）andalsomakesthethemeofthepoemclearer.Itsrhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef,gg.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature‘schangingcourseuntrimm’d;未经修剪的ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.evenly-tempered;notovercomebypassion.thenaturalchangesagebrings.thatbeautyyoupossess.thebeautyofeverythingbeautifulwillfadethesunabacddfeefggbcfShallIcompareyoutoasummer'sday?Youaremorelovelyandmoreconstant:RoughwindsshakethebelovedbudsofMayAndsummerisfartooshort:Attimesthesunistoohot,Oroftengoesbehindtheclouds;Andeverythingbeautifulsometimewillloseitsbeauty,Bymisfortuneorbynature'splannedoutcourse.Butyouryouthshallnotfade,Norwillyoulosethebeautythatyoupossess;Norwilldeathclaimyouforhisown,Becauseinmyeternalverseyouwillliveforever.Solongastherearepeopleonthisearth,Solongwillthispoemliveon,makingyouimmortal.PARAPHRASE白话译本：我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。Sonnet18isthebestknownandmostwell-lovedofall154sonnets.Itisalsooneofthemoststraightforwardinlanguageandintent.Inthesonnet,thepoetcompareshisbelovedtothesummerseason,andarguesthathisbelovedisbetter.Thepoetalsostatesthathisbelovedwillliveonforeverthroughthewordsofthepoem.RomanticismRomanticismisacomplexartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthinreactiontotheIndustrialRevolution.Inpart,itwasarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnatureembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,butcanbedetectedeveninchangedattitudestowardschildrenandeducation.MajorromanticpoetsWilliamBlake1757-1827SongsofInnocenceWilliamWordsworth1770-1850LyricalBallads,ThePrelude,IwanderLonelyasaCloudS.T.Coleridge1772-1834LyricalBallads,KublaKhanGeorgeGordonByron1788-1824DonJuan,ChildeHarold’sPilgrimagePercyByssheShelly1792-1822QueenMab,PrometheusUnbound,OdetotheWestWindJohnKeats1795–1821OdetoaNightingale,OdeonaGrecianUrn,OdetoAutumn1798年华兹华斯与柯尔律治共同发表的《抒情歌谣集》宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。华兹华斯在1800年《抒情歌谣集》第二版的序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论，主张以平民的语言抒写平民的事物、思想与感情，被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的宣言(manifesto)。LyricalBallads,withaFewOtherPoemsisacollectionofpoemsbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge,firstpublishedin1798andgenerallyconsideredtohavemarkedthebeginningoftheEnglishRomanticmovementinliterature.Itbecameandremainsalandmark,changingthecourseofEnglishliteratureandpoetry.Romanticismischaracterizedbythe5“I”s:ImaginationIntuitionIdealismtheconceptthatwecanmaketheworldabetterplace.InspirationTheRomanticartist,musician,orwriter,isan“inspiredcreator”ratherthana“technicalmaster.”IndividualityRomanticscelebratedtheindividual.emphasizedover“reason”WilliamWordsworthBorn7April1770Died23April1850(aged80)OccupationpoetLiterarymovementromanticismNotableworksLyricalBallads,PoemsinTwoVolumesThePrelude华兹华斯生于律师之家，就学于剑桥大学，1790年和1791年两次赴法。当时正是法国大革命的年代，年轻的华兹华斯对革命深表同情与向往。回国后不久，局势剧变，华兹华斯对法国大革命的态度渐趋保守，最后，终于成为安享“桂冠诗人”称号的保守派。华兹华斯（1770～1850）英国诗人，与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。文笔朴素清新，自然流畅，一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。WilliamWordsworthThebeautifullandscapeoftheLakeDistrictinspiredtheyoungWordsworthnatureisacommonthemeofhispoems.ResolutionandIndependenceIWanderedLonelyasaCloudAlsoknownasDaffodilsMyHeartLeapsUpOde:IntimationsofImmortalityOdetoDutyTheSolitaryReaperElegiacStanzasComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802London,1802TheworldistoomuchwithusWilliamWordsworth’works我好似一朵孤独的流云华兹华斯顾子欣译我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看到一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放。它们开在湖畔，开在树下它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；一眼看去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴，又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃；我久久凝视--却未领悟这景象所给的精神至宝。后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞；我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐。这首诗是华兹华斯抒情诗的代表作之一。它创作于1804年，发表于1807年。诗中所描写的是华兹华斯在1802年所见到的一片水仙花的景象。据诗人的妹妹多萝西回忆，华兹华斯在一次拜访友人归来之时,来到考罗巴公园那边的树林里，看见水边长有