2018年中考英语复习-第一部分-教材知识点梳理八上-Unit-7-8人教版

八年级(上)Unit7-8重点单词1.papern.纸张;论文;试卷2.futuren.将来;未来adj.将来的3.environmentn.环境environmentaladj.环境的4.plantn.植物v.种植5.partn.角色;部分6.peacen.和平;安静peacefuladj.和平的;安宁的7.humann.人类adj.人类的8.dangerousadj.危险的;不安全的safe(反义词)adj.安全的dangern.危险9.alreadyadv.已经;早已10.believev.相信;认为可能believableadj.可相信的unbelievable(反义词)adj.难以置信的11.evenadv.甚至,连;愈加12.shapen.外形;形状13.fallv.倒塌;跌倒;掉落fell(过去式)fallen(过去分词)14.insideprep.在……里面outside(反义词)prep.在……外面15.possibleadj.可能的;可能存在或发生的impossible(反义词)adj.不可能的possibilityn.可能性;可能16.siden.一方的意见(或态度、观点、立场等)17.probablyadv.很可能;大概probableadj.可能的18.duringprep.在……期间19.holidayn.假期,节日20.shaken./v.抖动;摇动shook(过去式)shaken(过去分词)21.addv.增加,添加22.finallyadv.最后;最终finaladj.最后的23.machinen.机器;机械装置24.digv.挖;凿dug(过去式/过去分词)25.holen.洞;孔26.piecen.片;块;段27.traditionaladj.传统的;惯例的traditionn.传统28.autumnn.秋天,秋季29.travel(l)ern.旅行者travelv./n.旅行30.celebratev.庆祝,庆贺celebrationn.庆祝31.fillv.充满;填满32.covern.覆盖物33.servev.服务;接待;提供servicen.服务;接待34.temperaturen.温度;气温;体温35.pollutionn.污染;污染物pollutev.污染36.factoryn.工厂37.mixv.使……混合mixturen.混合物38.cornn.玉米;谷物重点短语1.apieceofpaper一张纸2.inthefuture在未来3.playapart参加;发挥作用4.overandoveragain多次,反复5.falldown摔倒,跌倒6.turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等),打开7.addto加上8.fill...with...用……填满……9.takeone’stemperature测量某人的体温10.shakehands握手11.mix...with...将……与……混合12.becoveredwith被……覆盖13.serveas担当14.not...until直到……才15.hundredsof许多;大量16.lookfor寻找;寻求重点句型1.Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomes.2.Everyoneshouldplayapartinsavingtheearth.3.ScientistsarenowtryingtomakerobotsdothesamethingsasIdo.4.Inmostcountries,peopleusuallyeattraditionalfoodonspecialholidays.5.Tomakethisspecialfood,youneedtohavericenoodles,chickensoup,chicken,lettuceandeggs.交际用语1.谈论未来—Whatwillthefuturebelike?—Citieswillbemorepolluted.Andtherewillbefewertrees.—Willpeopleusemoneyin100years?—No,theywon’t.Everythingwillbefree.2.如何制作食物—Howmuchsugardoweneed?—Onespoon.—Howmanyapplesdoweneed?—Letmethink...Weneedtwoapples.语法归纳1.一般将来时Bookswillonlybeoncomputers,notonpaper.Therewillbefewerjobsforpeoplebecausemorerobotswilldothesamejobsaspeople.2.可数名词和不可数名词—Howmuchbutter?—Aboutonespoon.—Howmanytomatoesdoweneed?—Threekilos.单元高频词汇训练Ⅰ.根据首字母及汉语提示填空1.Weneedtotakeactionstopreventpollution(污染).2.Childrenneedahappyhomeenvironment(环境)fortheirhealthygrowth.3.It’sdangerous(危险的)forpeopletostayinspacewithoutanyprotection.4.Heusuallysolves(解决)alltheproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylife.5.Chinesecelebrate(庆祝)theSpringFestivalinJanuaryorFebruary.6.Thecandlesinthisshopareindifferentshapes(形状)andsizes.7.Everycoinhastwosides(方面).Soweshouldthinkaboutsomethingforasecondtime.8.Tomb-sweepingDayisatraditional(传统的)Chinesefestival.Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.Inthefuturepeoplewillhavemore(much)freetimebecausetherewillbefewer(few)thingstodo.2.TheRussiantravel(l)ers(travel)areequippedwithmanyelectronicdevices.3.Itisbelieved(believe)thatthemeetingwillchangeeverythingaroundtheworld.4.Theanimalsinthefarmlookpeaceful(peace)andhappy.重点短语重点单词重点句型考点1afew,few,alittle与little的用法区别Therewillbefewertreesandtheenvironmentwillbeingreatdanger.树木将会变少,环境将会受到危害。(P50)这四个词既可作形容词,也可作代词,区别如下:肯定意义否定意义后接/代替名词afew(一些,几个)few(很少,几乎没有)可数名词复数alittle(一点)little(几乎没有)不可数名词重点短语重点单词重点句型alittle还可用作程度副词,修饰形容词、副词及其比较级,而afew不能;few和little是具有否定意义的词,表示“几乎没有”,不能与not连用。◆活学活用用afew,few,alittle或little填空1.Thereislittleinkinmypen.Wouldyougivemealittle?2.Thisisaveryoldsong,sofewyoungpeopleknowit.3.Mr.Smithisquitebusytoday.Hehasafewmeetingstoattend.【解析】考查little,alittle和few,afew的区别。alittle和afew表示肯定意义,little和few都表示否定意义,而little和alittle修饰不可数名词,few和afew修饰可数名词。重点短语重点单词重点句型考点2probably的用法Inthefuture,peoplewillworkmoresothey’llprobablyhavefewervacations,butIthinkI’lltakeaholidayinHongKongwhenpossible.未来人们会工作得更多,因此他们的假期可能会更少,但有可能的话我想去香港度假。(P55)probably作副词,意为“很可能,大概,也许”,其形容词形式为probable,意为“可能的,大概的”。例如:1.Itwasprobablyhermostpopularsong.这也许是她最受欢迎的歌曲。2.Itisprobablethatthediseasehasbeencausedbyanenvironmentalproblem.这种疾病很可能是由某种环境问题引起的。重点短语重点单词重点句型辨析probably,perhaps,maybe和possibly(1)probably表示的可能性比maybe,perhaps都要大,且经常与动词连用。例如:Johnprobablytoldhimallaboutthematter.或许约翰已经把所有事情都告诉他了。(2)perhaps意为“或许,可能,大概”,相对于maybe较为正式,可表示建议、请求和温和的命令。例如:Perhapsyouwouldliketojoinusforthepicnic.也许你愿意加入我们的野餐队伍。(3)maybe“大概,或许”,多用于口语,表示礼貌的请求或建议,多放于句首或句末。例如:Maybeyouareright.也许你是对的。(4)possibly意为“可能,也许”,较probably语气弱。在肯定句中表可能性很小,与can,could连用,以加强语气,表示“设法,竭力地”;在否定、疑问句中与can,could连用,表示“无论如何也不”。例如:I’lldoitaspossiblyasIcan.我将尽我的所能去做。Ican’tpossiblydrinkanymore.我无论如何不能再喝了。重点短语重点单词重点句型◆活学活用—AreyougoingtoTom’spartythisweekend?—not.Imayhavetowork.A.ProbablyB.CertainlyC.EspeciallyD.Properly【解析】考查副词。句意:——这个周末你准备去汤姆的聚会吗?——可能不会,我可能要工作。probably意为“可能地,大概”,符合语境。【答案】A重点短语重点单词重点句型考点3finally的用法Finally,don’tforgettoaddsomesalt.最后,别忘了加点盐。(P58)finally作副词,意为“最终,终于”,一般指经过长时间努力,尤其指通过克服困难之后才终于达到目的,也可以用于列举最后一件事情。其形容词形式为final,意为“最终的,最后的”。例如:1.Whentheyfinallyarrived,itwaswellpastmidnight.当他们最终到达时,已经过了凌晨。2.Shepassedthefinalexaminationthroughhardwork.她通过努力终于通过了期末考试。重点短语重点单词重点句型表示“最终”意思的还有intheend和atlast。intheend指经历长时间之后,或者一系列事情之后的结果;atlast指经过长时间延误或努力之后的结果。通常情况下,atlast和intheend可以互换。例如:Hetriedvariousjobsandintheendhebecameataxidriver.他尝试各种工作之后,最后成为一名出租车司机。Hischancecameatlast!他的机会终于来