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SiChuanUniversityprofessionalEnglish--forChemicalEngineeringChapter5CommonProblemsinChinese-EnglishPaperWriting对于大多数中国学生来说,需要完成至少一篇英文的论文写作或者在毕业论文中需要完成一篇英语摘要,但是……1:从来没有真正意义上在之前完成过相应的英文写作,尤其是在专业领域。其学习的大部分专业知识是通过中文获得的,导致其专业英语水平低下。2:绝大多数学生从未在国外生活或与外国人做过相应交流。3:由于专业英语的特点,即使是母语是英语的人,对于化工行业的专业英语写作同样需要经过专门训练和学习。因此,对于一般大学生,常常会出现Chinglish……这一章将针对一些中国人写作的专业英语文章中经常出现的一些普遍的中国式英语错误(Chinglish)进行说明并纠正,说明相应的正确用法。这些对于非英语母语的人进行专业英语写作是十分有用。这些错误包括语法错误、口语化和格式问题,这些错误一些往往会直接导致读者误解作者的观点,造成阅读上的困难;另一部分则是与习惯用法相悖,导致文章别扭生涩。使用微软的Word软件可以纠正大部分的语法错误,但对于Chinglish,Word软件则无能为力,因此必须加以专门学习。Articles:a,an,the最容易犯的错误是省略冠词a,an,andthe.这是因为在中文中没有对应的语法,因此对于非英语母语者来说,何时该合适的使用何种冠词是很复杂的。冠词是名词的一种标志,放在名词之前的虚词,其间可以参插修饰名词的形容词,比如abigbluebicycle/thefirstaward.A和an是不定冠词,用于泛指;The是定冠词,用于特指。任何时候对于可数名词单数形式,都需要某类冠词。1)该使用冠词的地方被省略Incorrect:Figure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonsurfaceofmainandsplitterblades.Correct:Figure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonthesurfaceofthemainandsplitterblades.2)不需要的地方多余使用Incorrect:AtigerisdangerousforhumanCorrect:Tigerisdangerousforhuman.3)冠词使用错误Incorrect:ThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobea3Dmodelingtool.Correct:ThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobethe3Dmodelingtool.Mistake:The,a,andanareAtheoreticalmethodforcalculatingtheinnerflow-fieldincentrifugalimpellerwithsplitterbladesandinvestigationoftheinteractionsbetweenmainandsplitterbladesispresentedinthispaper.Thevorticesaredistributedonthemainandsplitterbladestosimulatetheeffectsofflows.Systematicalstudyofnumberanddistributionofvorticesisconducted.Atheoreticalmethodforcalculatingtheinnerflow-fieldinacentrifugalimpellerwithsplitterbladesandaninvestigationoftheinteractionsbetweenmainandsplitterbladesispresentedinthispaper.Thevorticesaredistributedonthemainandsplitterbladestosimulatetheeffectsofflows.Asystematicalstudyofthenumberanddistributionofvorticesisconducted.课堂练习Theoretically,remanufacturingcouldfullytakeadvantageofresourcescontainedinEOFproducttherebyminimizingimpactonenvironmenttothegreatestextentcomparedtolandfillorrecyclingofmaterials;consequentlyitcontributesgreatlytoresourceconservation.Theoretically,remanufacturingcouldfullytakeadvantageofresourcescontainedinanEOFproducttherebyminimizingtheimpactontheenvironmenttothegreatestextentcomparedtolandfillorrecyclingofmaterials;consequentlyitcontributesgreatlytoresourceconservation.课堂练习Verylongsentence在中国人英语写作中,超长句是非常常见的,经常就是直接从中文翻译成英文。但是,对于中文写作来说,把好几个主题思想及对应的论据放在同一个句子中是可行的;但对于英文来说,多个中心思想和对应的支撑论据通常是放在几个单独的句子里的。判断一个句子是否是超长句常常从长度进行判断:是否超过六十个单词或更多。但是,如果一个句子中包含的多重结构会造成主题思想的混乱,则这个句子即使短于60个单词,也会被认为是超长句。这类长句可通过限制句子只包含一到两个主题来避免。如果作者确实需要在一个句子中来表达多个主题,则可以使用分号。Long:Accordingtothecharacteristicoffan-coilair-conditioningsystems,thispaperderivesthecoolingformulaoffan-coilunitsbasedontheheattransfertheoriesandputsforwardanewmethodtogaugecoolingnamedCoolingMeteringontheAirside,whichcanmonitortheindividualair-conditioningcoolingconsumptionduringaperiodoftimebydetectingtheparametersofinletaircondition–temperatureandhumidity–ofthefan-coilair-conditioningsystemaswellastheparametersofinletcoolingwaterprovidedbythechiller.Correct:Thispaperderivesthecoolingformulaoffan-coilunitsbasedonthecharacteristicsoffan-coilair-conditioningsystemsandheattransfertheories,andputsforwardanewmethodtogaugecoolingcalledCoolingMeteringontheAir-side.Thenewmethodcanmonitorindividualair-conditioningcoolingconsumptionduringaperiodoftimebydetectingtheconditionofinletair–temperatureandhumidity–ofthefan-coilair-conditioningsystemaswellastheparametersoftheinletcoolingwaterprovidedbythechiller.另一种在专业英语中常见的超长句是指用文字来描述本可以采用表格描述的东西。当作者需要给出大量的数据,比如像参数的时候,中国作者常常把这些数据放在一个很长的类似段落的句子里。但事实上,对于这样的数据,最好的表达方式是采用表格。wheremisthemassoftheheavydiskmountedatthemid-spanofamasslesselasticshaft,eistheeccentricityofthemasscenterfromthegeometriccenterofthedisk,φistheanglebetweentheorientationoftheeccentricityandtheξaxis,kξandkηarethestiffnesscoefficientsintwoprincipaldirectionsofshaftrespectively,cistheviscousdampingcoefficientoftheshaftandthedisk,ciistheinnerdampingcoefficientofshaft,ωistherotatingspeed,ξsandηsarethecomponentsofinitialbendindirectionsofξ,ηaxesrespectively:ξs=rbcosθ,ηs=rbs.Long:Wheremisthemassoftheheavydiskmountedatthemid-spanofamasslesselasticshaft,eistheeccentricityofthemasscenterfromthegeometriccenterofthedisk,φistheanglebetweentheorientationoftheeccentricityandtheξaxis,kξandkηarethestiffnesscoefficientsinthetwoprincipaldirectionsoftheshaft,cistheviscousdampingcoefficientoftheshaftandthedisk,ciistheinnerdampingcoefficientoftheshaft,ωistherotatingspeed,ξsandηsarethecomponentsofinitialbendindirectionsofξ,ηaxes,respectively:ξs=rbcosθ,ηs=rbsinθ.CorrectPrefacingthemainideaofasentencebystatingthepurpose,locationorreasonfirst中国作者常常把如目的、地点、理由、示例、条件等作为介绍性元素放在一个句子的主题之前。但是,这样常常会导致对主题思想的重要性产生注意力的分散,让读者认为作者说话不够直接。在专业英文中,一般是把句子的主题句放在地点、理由、目的等之前。Incorrect:Fortheapplicationinautomobileinteriors,thispaperstudiesthenestingoptimizationprobleminleathermanufacturing.Correct:Thispaperstudiesthenestingoptimizationprobleminleathermanufacturingforapplicationinautomobileinterio
本文标题:Professional-English-for-Chemical-Engineering(化工专业
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