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第一讲词性、重音与升降调的关系学习指南本章旨在让学生全面了解并掌握:1、词性、重音与升降调关系如何?2、词性与重音的关系如何?3、多音节词的轻重读规律如何?本章内容不多。不过,掌握了本章的知识,学生就能够用正确的语音语调读好每一个单词和每一个句子。英语的词性有十种:名动形,数副代,介冠连叹。这十种词性中,前6种为实词,后4种为虚词。实词在句中能独立地充当某种句子成份。而虚词却不能独立地充当句子成份。由于词性在句中的作用各不相同,所以学习者在记忆生词时,一定要记词性。否则,学好英语将会是一句空话而已。例如:这位先生很喜欢狗。Thisgentlemanislikeadogverymuch.(错误)Thisgentlemanlikesadogverymuch.(正确)释:“like”作为及物动词时,它有“喜欢”的意思;而作为介词时,它有“像---一样”的意思。如果读者不懂得词性的奥妙,那么就很可能说成:这位先生很像狗。从而闹出笑话。一、词性与重读和升降调的关系:在英语的十种词性中,前6种实词在句中必须重读(代词的重读有些例外);而后4种虚词在句中必须轻读。英语的语调有2种:升调和降调,它们均出现在句中最后一个重读音节之前,即在最后一个重读音节之前上升或下降。了解词性与轻重读和升降调的关系,有助于我们用正确的语音语调去朗读和背诵文章下面各举二、三个例子,仅供参考。1、陈述句→用降调'Class'Fiveisa'good↘class.We'studied'very'hard'last↘summer.2、特殊问句→用降调'What'dayisour'Party's↘birthday?'How'longhaveyou'been↘here?3、一般疑问句→用升调'Is'Mr.'Zhangyour'Chinese↗teacher?'Areyoua↗student?↘Yes,I↘am.'Doyou'study↗English?↘No,I↘don't.4、反意问句→前降,后降(前句是事实)反意问句→前降,后升(前句不是事实)Youarea↘teacher,↘aren'tyou?(前句是事实)Youarea↘teacher,↗aren'tyou?(前句不是事实)释:反意问句由两部分组成:前句为陈述句,所以任何时候都用降调;后句为省略的一般疑问句,所以有时用升调。5、祈使句→用降调'Let's'go'shoppingto↘gether.'Openyour'books,↘please.6、选择疑问句→前升后降'Areyoua↗doctorora↘teacher?'Doyou'likethe↗redoneorthe↘blueone?7、当状语或状语从句置于句首时,该句出现两种语调。即状语或状语从句部分用升调,主句用调降。Inthe↗classroom,I'sawhim'studying↘English.(地状)↗Yesterday,I'wentto↘seehim.(时状)'WhenI'camedown↗stairs,I'foundthem'playing↘cards.(时状从句)8、当状语或状语从句置于句末时,该句仅存在一种语调,即降调。I'wentto'seehim↘yesterday.'Please'take'noteswhileyouare↘reading.I'sawhim'studying'Englishinthe↘classroom.Theywere'playing'cardswhenI'camedown↘stairs.9、列举事物时,被列举的事物,全部用升调,而最后一个被列举的事物则用降调。Thereare↗boys,↗girls,↗menand↘womenattheparty.Thereare↗books,↗rulers,↗pensand↘pencilsonthedesk.Theyhave‘built↗offices,↗hotelsand↘hospitalsthere.10、感叹句→用降调。'How'fasthe↘runs!'How'beautifulthe'girl↘is!'Whata'beautiful↘girlsheis!释:1)代词是实词,但并不是所有的代词都要重读。疑问代词,指示代词,不定代词和名词性物主代词必须重读;但人称代词,形容词性物主代词和反身代词必须轻读。2)一般疑问句中的第一个词,比如be,do或have都要重读。对一般疑问句做简略回答时,副词Yes和No以及其后的助动词前必须用降调。例如:'Areyoua↗doctor?↘Yes,I↘am.(动词)'Haveyoua↗pen?↘Yes,I↘have.(动词)'Doyou'havea↗pen?↘No,I↘don't.(助动词)'Haveyou↗finishedit?↘Yes,I↘have.(助动词)'Areyou'watching↗TV?↘Yes,I↘am.(助动词)二、词性与重音的关系1、英语中,同一个词,由于词性不同,其重音也就发生变化。一般来说,第一个音节重读为名词或形容词,而第二个音节重读为动词。比如:insult[‘inslt]n侮辱insult[in'slt]vt侮辱import[‘imp:t]n进口import[im'p:t]vt进口perfect[‘p:fikt]a完美的perfect[p'fekt]vt使完美export[‘eksp:t]n出口export[ik'sp:t]vt出口present[‘preznt]a目前的present[pri'zent]vt赠送protest[‘prutest]n抗议protest[pr'test]vt抗议三、音节与重音的位置在双音节和多音节单词中,读得特别响亮的那个音节,叫做重读音节。除少数一些复合词外,一般来说,每个单词只有一个重读音节。不过,在四个音节以上的单词中,往往还有一个次重读音节,其余的均为非重读音节。1、单音节和双音节词的轻重读规律单音节的实词都要重读,但注音时不能使用重音符“”。例如:cat[kt];dog[dg];tiger[taig];eight[eit];eat[i:t];make[meik];blue[blu:];mouse[maus]fast[f:st];what[wt];how[hau];when[wen]2)双音节词一般只有一个重读音节。如果是复合词的话,那么就有可能出现两个重读音节。例如:insult['inslt];import['imp:t];perfect['p:fikt];export['eksp:t];present['preznt];protest['prutest]fourteen['f:'ti:n];fifteen['fif'ti:n];sixteen['siks'ti:n]2、多音节词的轻重读规律三个音节以上的词,称为多音节词,多音节词的重音多数出现在倒数第三个音节上。1)'monitor2)'family3)po'litical4)ac'tivity32132143214321但以ic,ion等后缀结尾的词,其重音出现在倒数第二个音节上。例如:1)re'public2)dic'tation321321某些多音节词有两个重音,即主重音和次重音。主重音出现在倒数第二个音节处,次重音出现在主重音前的第二个音节处。例如:1)revo'lution2)exhi'bition3)situ'ation432143214321复习与检测I.Lineoutthestressedsyllablesaswellastherisingorfallingtuneinthefollowingsentences:(标出下列句子的重音和升降调)1.Whatatallbuildingitis!2.Howfastheranyesterday!3.Let'sgoshoppingtogether.4.Goandbringsomewaterforme.5.Doyoulikeher?No,Idon't.6.Howcleanandtidyyourroomis!7.Howandwhendidyoucomehere?8.Whyareyousohappytoday?9.Haveyoutoldherthesadnews?10.Heisveryhonest,isn'the?(他不诚实)11.Ourlifeisrich,happyandinteresting.12.Haveyouseenhertoday?Yes,Ihave.13.Onmyfirstday,peoplewereverynicetome.14.Collegeisanewanddifferentexperienceforme.15.Shesaidshewasadoctor,wasn'tshe?(是)16.Thereareboys,girls,menandwomen.17.Wouldyouliketheredoneortheblueone?18.Didhegotoseeadoctor?Yes,hedid.19.IfeltmuchbetterafterItookthemedicine.20.Whenhewasachild,heworkedforalandlord.21.Firstofall,itgivesmeasenseofresponsibility.22.Willyoustayathomeorgotothecinemawithme?23.Theytoldushowtocutriceandhowtotiebundles.24.Whenshewasfive,shebegantoworkonthefarm.25.Idolikethingsaboutcollege:beingonmyown,talkingwithfriendlypeopleandhavingFridaysoff.KeystoExerciseI1.'Whata'tall↘buildingitis!2.'How'fasthe'ran↘yesterday!3.'Let's'go'shoppingto↘gether.4.'Goand'bringsome↘waterforme.5.'Doyou'like↗her?↘No,I↘don't.6.'How'cleanand'tidyyour'room↘is!7.'Howand'whendidyou'come↘here?8.'Whyareyou'so'happyto↘day?9.'Haveyou'toldherthe'sad↗news?10.Heis'very↘honest,↗isn'the?(他不诚实)11.Our'lifeis↗rich,↗happyand↘interesting.12.'Haveyou'seenherto↗day?↘Yes,I↘have.13.Onmy'first↗day,'peoplewere'very↘nicetome.14.'Collegeisa'newand'different↘experienceforme.15.She'saidshewasa↘doctor,↘wasn'tshe?(是)16.Thereare↗boys,↗girls,↗menand↘women.17.'Wouldyou'likethe'red↗oneorthe'blue↘one?18.'Didhe'goto'seea↗doctor?↘Yes,he↘did.19.I'felt'much'betterafterI'tookthe↘medicine.20.'Whenhewasa↗child,he'workedfora↘landlord.21.'Firstof↗all,it'givesmea'senseof↘responsibility.22.'Willyou'stayat↗homeor'gotothe↘cinemawithme?23.They'toldus'howto'cut↗riceand'howto'tie↘b
本文标题:语调与重音
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