讲殖民地时期美国文学

美国文学简史（常耀信版）教师：滑彦立ASurveyofAmericanLiteratureTableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriodIntroductionI.Introductionofthecourse1.Status:survey;history2.Target:literaryknowledge;methodandabilityofappreciationII.HowtodefineAmericanLiterature1.AmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens.2.BasicqualitiesofAmericanWriters:independentindividualisticcriticalinnovative[‘inəuveitiv]humorousBriefOutlineofAmericanliterature1.Colonialperiod(1607-1775)AnneBradstreetEdwardTaylor2.Revolutionaryperiod(1775-1783)BenjaminFranklinThomasPainePhilipFreneau3.Romanticism(1820-1861)WashingtonIrvingEdgarAllanPoeNathanielHawthorneWilliamWhitman*Transcendentalism*(NewEnglandRenaissance)RalphWaldoEmersonFillipThoreau4.TheAgeofRealism(1861-1914)MarkTwainHenryJames5.AmericanNaturalism(1900-1914)StephenCraneTheodoreDreiser6.The1920sT.S.EliotWilliamFaulknerErnestHemingway(LostGeneration)Imagism:EzraPoundBriefOutlineofAmericanliterature7.The1930sSteinbeckHarlemRenaissance(BlackAmericanliterature)HughesWrightEllison8.AmericanDramaEugeneO’Neill9.ThePost-warSceneSaulBellowSalingerPoetry:ConfessionalPoetryBlackMountainPoetsSanFranciscoRenaissanceTheBeatGenerationTheNewYorkPoetsThePartIColonialandRevolutionaryperiod第一部分殖民时期和革命时期（第一章——第二章）ThePartIIRomanticism第二部分美国的浪漫主义文学（第三章）ThePartIIITranscendentalism(NewEnglandRenaissance)第三部分超验主义（第四章——第七章）ThePartIVTheAgeofRealism第四部分现实主义时期（第八章——第十章）ThePartV1920s第五部分20世纪20年代美国文学（第十一章——第十六章）ThePartVIAfter1930s第六部分20世纪三十年代以来的美国文学（第十七章——第十九章）ThePartVIIPostwar二战后的当代文学第七部分现当代美国文学（第二十章——第二十六章）ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOneI.HistoricalIntroduction1.people:Indianswerenativeinhabitants.NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope,esp.fromEngland.2.earlyhistory:1)AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean(Jamestown,Virginia)3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.(Plymouth,Massachusetts)3.WhatisthePuritan?(p7-9)Puritans（清教徒）:TheyareonedivisionofEnglishProtestant.TheyregardedthereformationofthechurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforfurtherpurification.The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:SeparatistsandMassachusettsBayGroup.Theirreligiousdoctrinesareoriginalsin,totaldepravity,predestinationandlimitedatonement(orthesalvationofaselectedfew)throughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.TheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod.TheyweremeanttoreestablishacommonwealthbasedontheteachingsoftheBible,restorethelostparadise,andbuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin.TheyareopposedtomysticismandpantheismbecausethesetendedtodestroythetranscendenceofGod.4.WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica?(1)toreformtheChurchofEngland(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch(3)toescapereligiouspersecution*God’schosenpeople*ToseekanewGardenofEden*Tobuild“CityofGodonearth”PuritanscametoAmericaoutofvariousreasons,butitshouldberememberedthattheywereagroupofserious,religiouspeople,advocatinghighlyreligiousandmoralprinciples.Itistruethattheywishedtoescapereligiouspersecution—andtheEnglishgovernmentregardeditsAmericancolonyasanidealdumpinggroundfortheundesirables,buttheywerealsodeterminedtofindaplacewheretheycouldworshipinthewaytheythoughttrueChristiansshould.TheyregardedthemselvesasGod'schosenpeople,theyweremeanttoreestablishacommonwealthbasedontheteachingsoftheBible,restorethelostparadise,andbuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.5.WhatisthePuritanism?PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica.PuritanismwasalogicalaftermathoftheRenaissance,theReformation,theestablishmentoftheChurchofEngland,andthegrowthofPresbyterianism(a.[宗]长老会(制)的).Throughthesemovements,oneseesemergingtherightoftheindividualtopoliticalandreligiousindependence.AmericanPuritanismPuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.ThefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannationwerequiteafewofthemPuritans.Itisareligiousandpoliticalmovement.Throughit,oneseesemergingtherightoftheindividualtopoliticalandreligiousindependence.Asacultureheritage(n.遗产，继承物，传统),Puritanismdidhaveaprofound(a.深度的深远的；见解深刻的；深奥的)influenceontheearlyAmericanmind.AmericanPuritanismalsohadanenduring(持久的)influenceonAmericanliterature.Ithasbecome,tosomeextent,somuchastateofmind,ratherthanasetoftenets,apartofthenationalculturalatmospherethattheAmericansbreathe,thatwemaystatewithadegreeofsafetythat,withoutsomeunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbenorealunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.AmericanPuritanismhasbeen,byandlarge,ahealthylegacytotheAmericans.6.PuritanisminAmerica(1)Doctrines:-Predestination(注定)-Originalsinandtotaldepravity(humanbeingsarebasicallyevil.)-Limitedatonement(ortheSalvationofaselectedfew)（赎罪，弥补）(2)Puritanvalues(creeds):Hardwork,thrift(节俭),piety(虔诚),sobriety（节制,清醒),simpletastes.Puritansaremorepractical,tougher,andtobeever