让步状语从句专讲

高三英语总复习语法系列训练让步状语从句专讲让步状语从句通常用though,although,nomatter,evenif,if,eventhough,however,whatever等引起。△让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置；前置时强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位（插入句中）。1．although和though引导的让步状语从句：①两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：Hedidn’tlightthefirethough/althoughitwascold.②although比though较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如：HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwarnedhimnotto.③though可以和even连用，但although不可以，如：Although(Eventhough)thetrafficheldusup,wegottotheairportontime.④当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用although，如：Hewillneverdosuchathingthoughhe(should)beforcedto.Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishallstillholdtomyopinion.⑤though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although则不行。（though可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如：Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though.⑥though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although不能这样用，如：Youngthoughsheis,yetsheisfitforthejob.(=Youngassheis,…)⑦有时可用副词yet,still,nevertheless(但不能用连词but)来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，如：Thoughheisoverseventy,yet/still/neverthelesshecanridethebike.⑧though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如：Though(itwas)cold,itwasafinewintermorning.Though(hewas)severelywounded,yetherefusedtoleavethebattlefield.Though(theywere)verytired,theycontinuedtomarchon.2．evenif,eventhough和if引导的让步状语从句：△evenif与eventhough同义，常用于强调让步概念，如：I’lldoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Hewasthereevenifwedidn’tseehim.Evenifyoufail,youcantryagain.I’llhelpyou,evenifIdon’tsleepforanight.注：if有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if与让步if的区别，试比较：Ifheispoor,howcanhebuythehouse?(条件)Ifheispoor,heisatleasthonest.(让步)(=evenif)Ifheisinexperienced,hewon’tbeabletoaccomplishit.(条件)Ifheisinexperienced,heisatanyrateeagertolearn.(让步)(=evenif)IfJohnhadbeenthere,Iwouldhaveseenhim.(条件)IfJohnwasthere,Ididn’tseehim.(让步)(=evenif)3．由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though,that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：①表语的倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.OldasIam,Icanstillfight.Cleverasyoumaybe,youcannotdothat.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’treachthetopshelf.Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.②状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.③谓语动词的倒装：Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry…)Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed.注意事项：①如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：TeacherasMichaelis,heisnotcapableofteachingallsubjects.Childas/thathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.Childasheis,heknowsmuch.②as从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，当as从句置于句首时，主句前可加yet，如：Mary,braveassheis,isafraidofsnakes.Hewasunabletomakemuchprogress,hardashetried.Richasheis,(yet)Idon’tenvyhim.③当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序，也可用陈述语序，如：Tiredasweretheworkers,theydidnotstop.Cleverthough/asyoumaybe,youcan’tdothat.④as从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如：Childasheis,hewasbrave.⑤注意区别as引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较：Lawyerasheis,heexplainsthereasonclearly.(原因从句)Lawyerasheis,hecan’texplainthereasonveryclearly.(让步从句)4．eventhough和thougheventhough(=evenif)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；though引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽然”，例如：Hewillnotrevealthesecret,eventhoughheknowsit.(可能知道，也可能不知道。)Hewillnotrevealthesecretthoughheknowsit.(虽然知道，却不说出来。)5．while引导的让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：Whileyoumayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.注意比较下列各句：WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.(让步)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(让步)WhileIwasreading,thelightwentout.(时间)Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.(转折、对比)Heisidle,whilehisbrotherisdiligent.(转折、对比)6．whether…or…引导的让步状语从句：△这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.Whetherornotitrains,I’mgivingapartytomorrow.Weholdthatallcountries,(whethertheyare)bigorsmall,(whethertheyare)richorpoor,shouldbeequal.Whetheritrainsorsnows,Iwillgotonight.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit.7．由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句：Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既相当于连接词短语nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who)Whomever(=nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.Whateverothersmaysay,youarecertainlyright.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose,wehavenoobjection.8．由连接形容词whatever或whichever引导的让步状语从句，如：Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词difficulties。)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.Whichevermethodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame.9．由连接副词however,wherever或whenever引导的让步状语从句。例如：However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词how修饰difficult。)Wherever(=nomatterwhere)theywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.WheneverI’munhappy,hecheersmeup.ThedogfollowsmewhereverIgo.10．注意以上几种结构的省略形式：Howeverdifficultthetask(maybe),itwillbefulfilledontime.Howevergreatthedifficu