试题命制的理论和技术_二_

(),,,,,;G424.79A1673-1654(2008)02-0090-17,(),,,,,,;,,,;,200235092008442ExaminationsResearchApr.2008Vol.4,No.21.,,,,,,,,,2.,,,,,,9:Hogg,,,,Hogg,,,,,,5,,9:Mr.Hoggwasonhiswayhome.Hehadbeenoutofworkfortwoweeksandcouldnotfindanotherjob.Todayhehadnthadanythingtoeatandhehadnomoneyinhispocket.Suddenly,athinmanwithaguninhishandappearedinfrontofhim.Dontmoveorshout.Puthandsonyourhead.Givemeyourmoney.Themansaid.Hoggdidntdearetomove.ButIhaventhotany.Hoggsaid.Withthesewordshepulledouthispockets,andtheywereallempty.Themandidntbelievehim.SoHoggtoldhimeverything.Afterhearinghisstory,themanputthegunawayandtookoutfivedollars,saying,Weareinthesameboat.Takethis.AfterheputthemoneyintoHoggshand,hewentawayquickly.Hoggwatchedthemandisappearinginthedarkness.Withthemoneyinhishand,Hoggdidntknowwhattodoorwhattosay.19(),,,3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.,,,,,,,,,,2942,,,,,,,,,,,,5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,6.,,,,,7.,;,,39(),(),1.,,,,,,2.,1,,,1.(define)(record)(name)(memorize)(list)(relate)(repeat)(recall)(state).(restate)(tell)()(locate)(discuss)(review)(identify)(describe)(report)(express)(recognize)(explain)4942.(translate)(employ)(dramatize)(interpret)(use)(practise)(apply)(demonstrate)(illustrate)(operate)(schedule)(sketch).,(classify)(differentiate)(experiment)(distinguish)(appraise)(test)(analyze)(calculate)(compare)(contrast)(criticize)(diagram)(question)(relate)(examine)(translate)(interpret)(inventory)(inspect)(debate).(synthesize)(compose)(plan)(propose)(design)()(formulate)(construct)(create)(setup)(organize)(manage)(prepare)(integrate)(predict)(summarize)(assemble)(collect)(arrange).(judge)(appraise)(evaluate)(rate)(compare)(score)(revise)(value)(select)(measure)(estimate)(assess)(choose),,,:Whatcauses...?Whydoestheauthormention...?:Themainideaofthispassageis...Thispassagetellsus...Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?3.59(),,,,,,,4.,10:AtNewYearsEvewritealettertoyourfriend.Whatsyourplanforthecomingsemester?Pleasetellyourfriendaboutyourhopesandwishesfornextsemester.10(plan),(hopesandwishes),(plan)(hopesandwishes),,11:,:11;2111,,,5.,,,,,12,,,,,,,6942,,12:1860,1960,,,:,,,1860,:111860,,211960:11;21;3141;516.,,,,13,13:2003101516,,:(1)(2):(1),(2)79()14,14:,,,,:?:(1),,,(2),,,,,,(1);(2);(3),;(4),15::,,,,(),,:,,(),,,,,,,,?,,?,8942161942,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;15,,,,16,,,;,,;,,,,;,,,,,,(1);(2);(3),;(4)99()17(1),(2),,17:2007316,,200811,(1)123?(2)1237.,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,25():1.,,,00142,2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3.,,,,,,,,,,4.1,n0,1,2,,n,910,89,,,,89,,,,,101(),,5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),1.,,,,,;,2.,,,,,,,2014218(2),,,,18:1,,,,,,,(1),?(2):(1)(2),,,,,,,,,,,3.,,,4.,,,,,,2301()22,2A9-109-104-5B7-87-83C5-65-62D3-43-41E0-20-203A,,,B,,,C,,D,,E,401425.,,,32,,,,,,;,,,()[1]:[M],:,2006[2]CohenR.J.andSwerdlikM.E(2005).PsychologicalTestingandAssessmentAnIntroductiontoTestsandMeasurement(SixthEdition)London:McGrawHillHigherEducation[3]DowningS.M.(2006).Selected-ResponseItemFormatinTestDevelopmentinHandbookofTestDevelopmentEditedbyDowningS.M.andHaladynaT.M.London:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Publishers[4]McDonaldR.P.(1999).TestTheoryAUnifiedTreatment.London:LawrenceErlbaum[5]Osterlinter,S.J.(1998).ConstructingTestItems:Multiple-Choice,Constructed-Response,Performance,andOtherFormatsBoston/Dordrecht/London:KluwerAcademicPublishers[6]Tindal,G.etc.(2002).Large-ScaleAssessmentProgramforAllStudents:Validity,TechnicalAdequacy,andImplementation.London:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates501()TheoriesandTechniquesforItemConstructionLeiXinyongZhouQunShanghaiMunicipalEducationalExaminationsAuthority,Shanghai,200234Abstract:Somepsychologicalassumptionsarethefoundationsoftheitemconstructionforlargescaleassessment.TheassumptionsareconsistentwithOsterlintersitemdefinitionwhichmeansthatanitemconsistsofthreecomponents,definitemeasuringobjectiveorpsychologicalconstruct,astimulusandaprescriptiveformforanswering.Withoutanyoneofthecomponents,anitemcouldnotbeusedtoinfertheexamineespsychologicalconstruct.Basedontheseassumptionsaswellastheitemdefinition,theauthorshavediscussedthefundamentalconsiderationsindevelopingselected2responseandconstructed2responseitems.KeyWords:itemconstructionitemelementsselected2responseitemconstructed2responseitem60142