英语语言学精品考研10套试题

试题第1页共39页ModelTest1I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.()Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.A.particularB.generalC.ordinaryD.generative2.()__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.A.PhonesB.SoundsC.PhonemesD.Speechsounds3.()Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.A.simpleB.completeC.complexD.coordinate4.()Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisa__________systemofgrammaticalknowledge.A.phraseB.sentenceC.ruleD.symbol5.()“Ilikethisshirtverymuch.”has__________arguments.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four6.()Ifasentenceisregardedaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomes__________.A.asentenceB.anactC.aunitD.anutterance7.()___________involvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.A.ApocopeB.EpenthesisC.MetathesisD.Assimilation8.()Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics9.()For__________,thinkingwasasystemofmovementsthathadbeenreducedfromactualspeechtothepointwheretheywerenolongervisible.A.WatsonB.PlatoC.AristotleD.Bloomfield10.()Themeaningofawordorphrasedependslargelyonthecommunicative__________.A.contentB.contextC.responseD.answerI.1-5BADCB6-10DCBDBII.Directions:Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Languageisasystemconsistingoftwos__________ofstructures,ortwolevels.12.Englishisani__________language.试题第2页共39页13.Theaffixesoccurringatthebeginningofawordarecalledp__________.14.Wordsandphrasesareorganizedaccordingtothesyntacticc__________.15.P__________structurerulesallowustobetterunderstandhowwordsandphrasesformsentences,andsoon.16.P__________canbedefinedasthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.17.Mostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsgiverisetoc__________implicatures.18.Manylanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeoff__________.19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,calledh_________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.20.Whenwelisten,thewordisheardandcomprehendedviaW__________area.II.11.sets12.intonation13.prefixes14.categories15.Phrase16.Pragmatics17.conversational18.formality19.hemispheres20.Wernicke'sⅢ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.()Inlinguistics,asinanyotherdiscipline,dataandtheorystandinadialecticalcomplementation.22.()Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive,butsometimesprescriptive.23.()Distinctivefeaturesarethesametoanylanguage.24.()Oneoftheclausesinacoordinatesentenceissubordinatetotheother.25.()InEnglishandmanyotherlanguages,thesubjectusuallyfollowstheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyprecedestheverb.26.()SpeechacttheorywasproposedbytheBritishphilosopherJohnAustininthelate1950s.27.()Themostvigorousandongoingchangeinthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisthechangeinitsvocabulary.28.()Acreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.29.()Aristotlesuggestedthatthoughtwasthesoul'sdiscoursewithitself.30.()SLAstandsforsecondlanguageacquisition.Ⅲ.21-25TFFFF26-30TTTFTIV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31.designfeatures32.freemorpheme33.synonymy34.predication35.slang36.Moveα试题第3页共39页37.semanticshift38.speechcommunity39.cerebralcortex40.overtthought31.Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.Forexample,arbitrariness,productivity,duality,displacementandculturaltransmission.32.Freemorphemesaremorphemeswhichareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves.Forexample,help,table,able,etc.33.Synonymyreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.Therelationsbetweenlorryandtruck,roomandchamberareexamplesofsynonymy.34.Predicationistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.Itisthebasicunitinthesemanticanalysisofasentence.Apredicationconsistsofargument(s)andpredicate.Forexample,thepredicationofthesentence“Tomsmokes.”canbesaidtoconsistoftheargument“TOM”andthepredicate“SMOKE”andthepredicationcanbewrittenasTOM(SMOKE).35.Slangisacasualuseoflanguagethatconsistsofexpressivebutnonstandardvocabulary,typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoftenephemeralcoinagesandfiguresofspeechcharacterizedbyspontaneityandsometimesbyraciness.Thecentralcharacteristicofaslangcomesfromthemotiveforitsuse:adesirefornovelty,forvividemphasis,formembershipinaparticulargrouporclassofpeoplewhose“communityargot”maybeincomprehensibletoanoutsider,orforbeingupwiththetimesoralittl