英国文学简史期末考试复习要点

1一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（SirGawainandtheGreenKnight)杰弗利·乔叟（GeoffreyChaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。（FatherofEnglishPoetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（TheCanterburyTales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（ThomasMore）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（EdmundSpenser）《仙后》（TheFaerieQueene)•弗兰西斯·培根（FrancisBacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛ChristopherMarlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（TheTragicalHistoryoftheLifeandDeathofDr.Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（TheJewofMalta）威廉·莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare）《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）SONNET18三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿JohnMilton《失乐园》（ParadiseLost）•约翰·班扬（JohnBunyan）《天路历程》（ThePilgrim’sProgress）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大·蒲柏（AlexanderPope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。•乔纳森·斯威夫特JonathanSwift《格列佛•丹尼尔·笛福DanielDefoe英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（RobinsonCrusoe）•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》（TomJones）•乔纳森·斯威夫特JonathanSwift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’sTravels•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》（TomJones）托马斯·格雷ThomasGray《墓园哀歌》（ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）•罗伯特·彭斯RobertBurns•威廉·布莱克WilliamBlake•威廉·华兹华斯WilliamWordsworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治SamuelTaylorColeridge《抒情歌谣集》（LyricalBallads）2一.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485)Beowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1.UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）SomeexamplesonP52.UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的，广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglishMedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfIITheRenaissancePeriod文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Twofeatures1.athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature2.thekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattempts:(1)togetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,(2)tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,(3)torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.EnglishRenaissance:theearly16thcenturytotheearly17thcentury.1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody①TheFaerieQueen仙后(forQueenElizabeth)3Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.2.ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists①Utopia乌托邦3.FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进②Essays随笔(famousquotas:Ofstudies)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestinaC.terzarimaD.blankverse①TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝③TheJewofMalta马耳他的犹太人6.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616②FourComedies:AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’SDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;K